School of Life Sciences 193
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 121 |
Concepts of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 123 |
Fundamentals of Animal Science |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 124 |
Fundamentals of Animal Science Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 125 |
Basic Plant Science |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 127 |
Basic Microbiology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 128 |
Basic Microbiology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
CHE 101G |
Chemistry |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
CHE 102G |
Chemistry Lab |
0 + 3 |
1.5 |
|
ENG 101 |
English Language |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
ENG 102 |
English Language Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
Total |
17 + 9 |
21.5 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB/ BMB 131 |
Basic Biochemistry |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 132 |
Basic Biochemistry Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 133 |
Cytology and Cytogenetics |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 134 |
Cytology and Cytogenetics Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 135 |
Principles of Genetics |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 137 |
Plant Physiology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 138 |
Plant Physiology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
CSE 203 |
Introduction to Computer Language |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
CSE 204 |
Introduction to Computer Language Lab |
0 + 6 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 100 |
Seminar and Oral |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
Total |
14 + 14 |
21.0 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 211 |
Animal & Human Physiology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 212 |
Animal & Human Physiology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 213 |
Molecular Biology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 215 |
Industrial Microbiology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 217 |
Enzymology |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 221 |
Animal Reproduction |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 222 |
Animal Reproduction Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 223 |
Biofertilizer and Renewable Energy |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 224 |
Biofertilizer and Renewable Energy Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
Total |
16 + 8 |
20.0 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 231 |
Metabolism |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 235 |
Plant Breeding |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 236 |
Plant Breeding Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 237 |
Animal Genetics and Breeding |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 238 |
Animal Genetics and Breeding Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
STA 211 |
Biostatistics |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 239 |
Environmental Biotechnology |
4 + 0 |
4.0 |
|
GEB 240 |
Environmental Biotechnology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 200 |
Seminar and Oral |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
Total |
16 + 6 |
19.0 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 311 |
Plant Tissue Culture |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 312 |
Plant Tissue Culture Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 313 |
Microbial Genetics |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 315 |
Virology & Oncology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 317 |
Food Biotechnology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 318 |
Food Biotechnology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 319 |
Techniques in Molecular Biology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 320 |
Techniques in Molecular Biology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 321 |
Bioenergetics |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
Total |
17 + 8 |
19.0 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 331 |
Cell Signalling |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 333 |
Animal Cell Technolgy |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 335 |
Fermentation Technology |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 336 |
Fermentation Technology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 337 |
Recombinant DNA Technology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 339 |
Immunology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 340 |
Immunology & Virology Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 341 |
Aquaculture and Fish Genetics |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 342 |
Aquaculture and Fish Genetics Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 302 |
Field work |
Compulsory |
0.0 |
|
GEB 300 |
Seminar and Oral |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
Total |
16 + 8 |
20.0 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 411 |
Proteomics, Genomics & Bioinformatics |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 412 |
Proteomics, Genomics & Bioinformatics Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 413 |
Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 415 |
Animal Biotechnology |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 417 |
Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 419 |
Bioreactor and Downstream Processing |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 421 |
Microbial Biotechnology |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 423 |
Plant Biotechnology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 424 |
Plant Biotechnology lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 425 |
Fisheries Biotechnology |
2 + 0 |
2.0 |
|
GEB 402 |
Study Tour |
Compulsory |
0.0 |
|
Total |
20 + 4 |
22.0 |
|
|
Course No. |
Course Title |
Hours/week Theory + Lab. |
Credits |
|
GEB 431 |
Molecular Diagnostics |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 432 |
Molecular Diagnostics Lab |
0 + 2 |
1.0 |
|
GEB 433 |
Protein and Enzyme Technology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 435 |
Agricultural Biotechnology |
3 + 0 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 436 |
Project + Seminar |
0 + 6 |
3.0 |
|
GEB 400 |
General Viva Voce |
0 + 3 |
1.5 |
|
Total |
09 + 11 |
14.5 |
|
Detailed Syllabus
GEB 100 SEMINAR & ORAL
2 Hours/week, 1 Credit
GEB 121 CONCEPTS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Recombinant DNA technology: Concepts of Recombinant DNA technology, biological tools of Recombinant DNA technology, modification of gene, methods of gene transfer, transgenic organisms.
Biotechnology in Medicine: Introduction, production of human peptide hormones, insulines, somatotropin, somatostatin, human interferon, different types of vaccines, commercial chemicals, regulation of proteins, blood products, antibiotics and vaccines.
Biotechnology in Food: Introduction, dairy products, fish and meat products, food enzymes, sweeteners, bakery products, food wastes, microbial products, oriental fermented foods, drinks, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
Biotechnology in Plant and Agriculture: Impact of Biotechnology in Agriculture, list of biotechnological products produced from plant and agricultural crops and their uses, biotechnological methods used in crop production, genetic manipulation of plant, biofertilizer, biopesticide, biocontrol of weeds, plant tissue culture its application.
Biotechnology in Animal Production: Animal wealth, products from animal, biotechnological methods used in animal production, genetic manipulation of animal, animal cell culture, pharmaceuticals from transgenic animals, blood substitutes from transgenic animals.
Enzyme Technology: Definition of enzyme, enzymology and enzyme technology, nature of the enzymes, applications of enzymes, technology of enzyme production, immobilization of enzymes.
Biosensor Technology and probiotics: Definition, scope and applications.
Biological Fuel Generation: Photosynthesis- ultimate energy resources, sources of biomass, ethanol from biomass, methane from biomass, biogas production.
Biosafety and Environmental Biotechnology: Concepts of bio safety, Sources of environmental pollution, uses of commercial blends of microorganism and enzymes in pollution control. Biotechnological approaches in waste treatment.
Bioinformatics: Concepts of bioinformatics, scope, importance and application of bioinformatics, methods and process of bioinformatics.
Books Recommended:
1. Bilgrami and Pandey. 1990. Introduction to Biotechnology. CBS Publishers. India.
2. Bullock, J. and Uritiansen, B. 1995. Basic Biotechnology. Academic Press, UK.
3. Dubey, R. C. 1995. Introduction to Biotechnology. S. Chand and Co. Pvt. Ltd. India.
4. Jack, G. Chirikjian. 1995. Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Volume I . Jones
and Bartlett publisher, Boston, London, Singapore.
5. Natesh, S. 1993. Biotechnology in Agriculture. Oxford & IBM Pvt. Ltd. India.
6. Smith, J. E. 1988. Biotechnology. Edward Arnold Pub. NY, UK
GEB 123 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Classification: General classification of major phylum of Animal Kingdom,
Type study of animals: Type study including habitat, distribution, external morphology, organ system, economic and biotechnological significance of the following: Arthropoda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), Mollusca (Lamellidens sp.), Pisces (Labeo rohita ), Aves (Gallus domesticus) and Mammalia.
Ecology: Definition, branches, ecosystem, relationship of ecology with other discipline. Effect of environment and human habitation on animal adaptation and their relationship with civilization.
Anatomy of higher Animal: Comparative anatomy (Skeletal, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive systems) of higher animals (Human, Cattle, Goat).
Economic study of animals: Apiculture, sericulture, poultry and dairy farming including technical, commercial and financial aspects.
Major diseases of animals: Major Microbial (Viral, bacterial, fungal), Parasitic (protozoan, helminth) Metabolic and Nutritional diseases of poultry birds, dairy animals with their causal agents, aetiology, pathogenisis, clinical symproms , diagnosis, treatment and control measures.
Books Recommended:
1. Getty, R. : Sisson and Grossman’s The anatomy of the Domestic animals, 5th edition, W.B. Saunders and Co. Philadelphia (USA).
2. Hairston, N. G. 1994. Vertibrate Zoology- An Experimental Field approach. CUP.
3. Jardan, E. I. and Verma, P. S. Invertibrate Zoology. S. Chand and Com. Ltd. New Dilhi
4. Jardan, E. I. and Verma, P. S. Chordate Zoology. S. Chand and Com. Ltd. New Dilhi.
6. Parker, T. J. and Haswell, W. A. 1990. A Text Book of Zoology. Vol. I and II. Low Price Publication India.
7. R.K. Ghosh. Primary veterinary anatomy; Current books international, kolkata, 4th edition (2006)
8. Storer, T. I. General Zoology. Tata � Megraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd. India.
9. Young, J. 1981. Life of Vertebrate. OUP, USA.
10. Frost ,S.W., Economic Zoology.
11 Srivastava , P.D. Economic Zoology.
GEB 124: FUNDAMENTALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
1. Study of Laboratory Specimen.
2. Dissection and identification of digestive and reproductive system of fish and shell fish
3. Identification of external parts of Chicken.
4. Dissection and identification of different parts of digestive, respiratory and reproductive system of Chicken.
5. Study of different parts and points of the body of livestock (Cattle, Goat).
6. Identification of important bones of poultry and domestic animals.
Introduction: The plant Kingdom, the concept of plant life.
External morphology: The seed and seedling, The plant body – The shoot, the root, the inflorescence and bracts, the flower, the leaves, the buds, Pollination, Fertilization, embryology, the fruits, disposal of fruits and seeds
Plant anatomy: An outline of the plant body: The axis, the primary body, the secondary body The cell: Cells structure and its components, The cell wall, Cell formation- mitosis, amitosis, meiosis, significance of meiosis, comparison of mitosis and meiosis. Tissue and tissue system: definition and types of tissue, permanent tissue, meristemetic tissue- types, apical meristerm, characteristics, differentiation of tissues, importance of studying tissue and tissue system in Biotechnology. Primary and secondary structure of root and stem: General and anatomic characteristics of root and stem, anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous root and stem.
Embryology: Definition, study of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, fertilization, and development of embryo.
Economic botany: Introduction and scope of economic botany, scientific name, local name, useful parts and economic importance of cereals, medicinal, fibres, oils, fruits, rubber, beverage, sugar, fodder, pulse, timber and narcotic yielding plants, cultivation and processing of tea and rubber plants. Commercially important aquatic plants and sea weeds. Production technology of important cereals, vegetables and fruit plants.
Plant diseases: Definition, causative agents, symptom, importance and control measures of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, jute, pulses, potato, tomato and banana. Insect pests of different crops.
Books Recommended:
1. B.P. Pandey, Economic botany
2. Ganguli and Das, College Botany
3. Gupta R.K. Text book of systemic botany
4. BilgramiK.S. Fundamentals of Botany
GEB 127 COURSE TITLE: BASIC MICROBIOLOGY
Introduction: Definition of microorganism and microbiology; Place of microorganisms in the living world; A brief history of the development of microbiology – early observation of microorganisms, debate over spontaneous generation, germ theory of disease, vaccination and discovery of antibiotics; Modern developments in microbiology; Scope of microbiology.
Classification of microorganisms: Salient features of major types of microorganisms: bacteria, archaebacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, protozoa, virus, viroids, prions; Classification based on temperature, pH, oxygen, salinity, nutrients, and pressure.
Bacteria: Morphology; Structure - Capsule, flagella, pili, cell-wall, cytoplasmic membrane, inclusion bodies, ribosome, pigments and endospore; Classification; Multiplication; Economic importance.
Cultivation of microorganisms: Culture medium – simple, defined, complex, selective, differential and enrichment media; Batch and continuous culture; Anaerobic culture methods; Culture preservation and management.
Growth of microorganisms: Nutritional and physical requirements for growth; Growth equation; growth curve; Measurement of growth.
Control of microbial growth: Sterilization- Principles of sterilization, methods of sterilization; Effect of anti microbial agents.
Microbial ecology: Ecology and ecosystem; Biotic and abiotic factors; Microorganisms in soil, air and water; Microbial interaction – neutralism, synergism, mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, parasitism and predation.
Isolation and identification methods of microorganisms: Isolation of microorganisms; Morphological, cultural, biochemical, serological and molecular techniques for identification of microorganisms.
Books Recommended:
GEB 128 BASIC MICROBIOLOGY LAB
Laboratory works based on GEB 133
BTC/ BMB 131 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY
Introduction: Biochemistry, its definition and scopes, relation between biochemistry with biology, medicine and agriculture, concept of life and living processes, the identifying characteristics of a living matter.
Biomolecules:
i) Water: Physical and chemical properties of water, pH, buffer, Henderson Hechel equation.
ii) Carbohydrates: Occurrence, nomenclature, biological importance, chemical characteristics, and classification of carbohydrates. monosaccharides and disaccharides: structure, properties, characteristic tests, amino sugars and glycosides. polysaccharides: occurrence, compositions, structure and properties of starch, glycogen, cellulose, other polysaccharides of biological interest, their chemical tests and biological importance, analysis of carbohydrates.
iii). Lipids: Definition, classification and biological importance.
iv). Amino acids, peptides and proteins: Amino acids: definition, source, classification and structure of naturally occurring amino acids and their physical, chemical and optical properties, essential and non-essential amino acids, concept of residue, peptide bonds, oligopeptide and polypeptide, identification of N-terminal and C-terminal residue of a peptide, synthesis of peptides. Proteins: definition, classification and biological importance.
v). Nucleic acid: General structure of nucleosides and nucleotides, chemistry of DNA, base pair rule, double helical structure, chemistry of RNA, types and functions of RNA, physiochemical properties, denaturation and renaturation of nucleic acids.
vi) Vitamins and Hormones: Definition, classification, their functions and importance in Biochemistry.
Books Recommended:
GEB 132 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY LAB.
GEB 133 CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS
3 Hours/week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Historical background of cell, cell discovery and organelles. Definition and modern concept of cell, protoplasm theory. Cell types and structure: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Typical structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell and their functions.
Cellular organelles: Major cellular organelles, composition, structure and function. Cell wall membrane, plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome, cytoskeletal structure.
Nucleus and chromosome: Structure of nucleus, morphology and chemistry of chromosome, single and multi-stranded model. Karyotype banding, Special types of chromosome, Salivary gland, polytene and Lampibrush chromosome.
Cell division: Types of cell division, steps of mitosis and meiosis, difference between the two processes, Abnormalities in mitosis and meiosis, causes and significance. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Structural changes of chromosomes: Deletion- definition, types, phenotypic effect, genetic effect, Duplication- definition, types, Phenotypic effect, Bridge-breakage-fusion Cycle, Meiosis and breeding behaviour. Inversion, types, cytology, Identification of parasitic inversion. Translocation; Definition, types, origin, meiotic behaviour,
Polyploidy in Higher Plant: Autopolyploidy and Allopolyploidy - origin , synthesis and their genetic effect and cytology-meiotic and breeding behaviour.
Aneuploidy in Higher Plants: Trisomy (primary, secondary and tertiary), source of primary, secondary and tertiary trisomics, origin, genetic effect, cytology. Monosomy- Methods of production, genetic effect, cytology, univalent shift.
Molecular cytogenetics: Nuclear DNA content and its organization, Repetitive DNA, technique for detecting repetitive DNA. Genetic, Cytogenetic and Physical maps using molecular markers.
Books Recommended:
GEB 134 CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS LAB
1. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells.
2. Study of meiosis in the pollen mother cells of onion/maize.
3. Effect of colchicine treatment on onion/garlic root tip chromosomes.
4. Effect of gamma - ray irradiation on onion/garlic root tip chromosomes.
5. Study of Giant chromosomes of 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melangaster .
6. Study of chromosomal aberrations in the Chromosomes of Musca domestica.
7. Effect of different herbisides on salivary gland chromosome in Musca domestica.
8. Effect of different plant extracts on oocyte chromosome salivary gland chromosome in Musca domestica.
GEB 135 PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS
3 hours/Week, 3 Credit
Introduction: Historical background of genetics. Modern concept of genetics, Scope and branches, Application and Importance of genetics in human society. Some important genetical terms. Heredity and variation.
Mendelian Genetics: Life history of Mendel. Discovery of Mendel works. Experiment of Mendel work. Mendels law of segregation and independent assortment. Exception of Mendelism: Modification of Mendelian ratios. Lack of dominance, co-dominance, over dominance, Epistasis, interaction, lethal gene.
Multiple Alleles: Multiple allelism, Characteristic features, iNHERITANCE PATTERN of multiple of rabit coat colour, pleotropism human and plants. Blood groups inheritance in man and plasma protein polymorphism in man.
Linkage and Crossing over: Linkage, Crossing over, different kinds of linkage and crossing over and their significance, linkage groups. Factor affecting the strength of linkage, cytological demonstration of crossing over. Linkage maps of Drosophila, chromosome map.
Sex determination: Cytological and genetic basis of sex determination. Different mechanism of sex determination in plants, animals and its implication.
Mutation: Defination, types of mutagen and mutation, characteristics, causes and effects of gene mutation and mechanism.
Cytoplasmic inheritance: Extra nuclear inheritance in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Plasmid, Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA, Maternal inheritance.
Books Recommended:
1. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K 1985.: Genetics (6th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J. and Snustad. D.P. 1991. : Genetics (18th ed) John Wiley and Sons. New York.
3. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.
03 hours/Week, 3 Credits
Plant life related physico-chemical phenomenon: Inhibition, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, plasmolysis, imbibition, colloid state and root pressure.
Water Relation : Mechanism of absorption of water, active and passive absorption, external factors affecting absorption, conduction and translocation.
Loss of Water: Transpiration, guttation, type, significance, mechanism of opening and closing of stomata, factors affecting transpiration.
Essential Elements: Source, general function of micro and macro elements in plant growth and development, deficiency symptom.
Mineral Nutrition: Mechanism of mineral salt absorption and translocation.
Photosynthesis: General account and modern concept, pigments in prokaryotes and eucaryotes, light and chemical reactions, photophosphorylation, factors affecting photosynthesis, pathways of carbon-di-oxide reduction in C3, C4 and CAM plants, source and sink relationship, significance.
Respiration: Respiration of plant and microbes, types, respiratory substances, different pathways, fermentation, efficiency of respiration, production of high energy compound and ATP, photorespiration.
Growth: Definition, basic concepts of growth and development, measurement, vegetative and reproductive growth, phages of growth, factors affecting growth and development, principle and problem of cell differentiation and morphogenesis in plants, senescence, type and causes of senescence.
Growth Regulating Chemicals (Hormones): Definition, occurrence, classification, nature and effect of growth regulating chemicals on plant growth and development with special emphesis on auxin, gibbrellin, cytokinin/ kinin, abscisic acid, ethylene and plant growth reterdants.
Physiology of Flowering: Mechanism of flowering, florigen and its role in flowering, light image and flowering,
Photoperiodism and vernalization: Definition , types, importance etc
Seed: Viability, causes of losses of seed viability, germination of seeds, causes and artificial breaking of dormancy.
Light and Plant Life: Light sensing by plants, photomorphogenesis, phytochrome and blue light photoreceptors, effect of UV light on biological system, significance of biological clocks.
Transport Phenomenon in Plants: Characteristics of transport in xylem and phloem, mechanism of phloem transport.
Books Recommended:
GEB 138 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LAB
GEB 200: SEMINAR & ORAL
2 Hours/week, 1 Credit
GEB 201: ZOOLOGY (For BMB)
3 Hours/week, 3 Credits
Broad classification of animal kingdom up to class with examples
Symbiosis, commensalism and mutualism; classification of parasites, evolution of parasitism. pathogenic protozoans; major parasitic helminthes, nematodes and their parasitic adaptations.
Pest and pest management: Types of pest, common insect pests of rice, jute, sugarcane, tea, vegetable and stored grains, symptoms, management and their life cycle (two from each group), vertebrate pests and their management, biological control of harmful pests, parasites pathogenic to human beings. Silkworm biology and sericulture
Basics of fish and its anatomy, nature of food and feeding habits, digestion, absorption and utilization of foods in fishes. excretion and osmo-regulation of fish, hybridization in fishes.
Ecology: Definition, living and nonliving factors, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources (renewable and nonrenewable) and their sustainable management, major zoogeographical regions of the world with special emphasis on oriental region.
Evolution: Theories and evidences with examples, evolutionary history of man.
Books recommended:
GEB 202L ZOOLOGY LAB (For BMB)
4 Hours/week, 2 Credits
GEB 211 ANIMAL & HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
General physiology: Introduction, definition, branches of physiology, glossary and terminology related to physiology.
Blood circulation and cardiovascular system: Definition and different composition of blood and plasma proteins, their structure, functions, development and fate. Blood coagulation mechanism, blood groups, lymphoid system. Structure and properties of cardiac muscle, generation and conduction of cardiac impulse. E.C.G, events of cardiac cycle and cardiac outputs, factor affecting heart rate, haemodynamics, blood pressure and its regulation, fetal circulation and maternal circulation.
Respiratory system: Different parts of respiratory system, functions and pulmonary circulation, mechanisms of respiration. O2 and CO2 transport in the body, regulation of respiration- nervous and chemical.
Urinary system: Functions of kidney, renal circulation, Nitrogenous excretory substances of different animals. urine formation in mammals, birds, reptiles. Filtration, reabsorption of different components of tubular fluid, excretion, concentration of urine, concept of plasma clearance, acidification of urine.
Osmoregulation: Osmoregulation of aquatic organisms in freshwater & marine environment.
Digestive system: Functions of digestive system, digestive enzymes, mechanisms of secretions of gastric juice, physiology of digestion and absorption of food (carbohydrates, proteins and fats).
Reproductive system: Male and female reproductive system of human, mammals and birds, structure and functions of these organs, puberty, estrous and menstrual cycle, physiology of pregnancy, fertility, sterility and birth control. Physiology of milk secretion.
Endocrine system: Endocrine and exocrine glands of male and female, growth and sex hormones, structure, functions and mechanisms of regulation of hormones.
Nervous system: Classification of nervous system, structure and functions of neuron, synapse, neurotransmitter and transmission of nerve impulse, control of sensory and motor function. Organization of nervous system, cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord.
Co-ordination & reflex action:
Physiology of Special senses: Physiology of special sensory organs concern with vision, sound perception, taste, and smell & touch.
Books Recommended:
1. Ganong, W. F., : Review of Medical Physiology.
2. Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J.E.,: Textbook of Medical Physiology
3. Hafez, E.S.E: Reproduction In Farm Animals
4. Swenson, M.J. : Duke’s Physiology of Domestic Animals
.
GEB 212 ANIMAL & HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credits
1. Collection and preparation of smears of blood
2. Staining of blood smears
3. Count of RBC
4. Count of WBC
5. Differential count of leukocytes
6. Sedimentation rate of blood (ESR)
7. Estimation of Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
8. Estimation of Haemoglobin
9. Blood grouping
10. Measurement of Blood pressure
Books Recommended:
3 hours/Week, 3 Credits
Central dogma of Molecular Biology-
DNA Replication: Mode of replication, types of replication, DNA synthesis, mechanism and control of DNA replication, inhibitors of replication, DNA polymerase and other replication proteins, RNA viruses, replication of RNA genome.
Transcription: RNA polymerase, promoter, enhancers and terminators, mechanism of transcription, reverse transcriptase, regulation of transcription, operon model and RNA spicing, genetic codes, its characteristics, specificity, Redundancy and Wobble hypothesis, gene and protein structure.
Translation: Ribosome structure, initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis, compare of protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, inhibitors of protein synthesis, post-translational modification.
Molecular Mutation: Molecular basis of mutation, in vitro mutagenesis, and site directed mutagenesis, transposable elements, repair mechanism in mutation.
Regulation of Gene Expression: Gene from different kinds of RNA, RNA polymerase, positive and negative control of gene expression, gene expression of somatic cell hybrids.
Molecular Biology of Organelle: Genomes of the mitochondria and plasmid, interaction with nucleus, duel control of its synthesis.
Dynamic Genome: The dynamic genome, mobile genetic elements in eukaryotes – relevant to plants, studies in maize.
Books Recommended:
GEB 215 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
Detailed study about biotechnologically important microorganisms (Characteristics, cultural properties, biochemical properties, biotechnological importance, metabolites and industrial applications)
Books Recommended:
1. T.D. Brock et al. Biology of Microorganisms.
2. Atlas R M and Bartha R. Microbial Ecology- Fundamental and applications.
3. G.JTortora,Funke &Case. Microbiology: an introduction.
4. M.J Pelczar, E.C.S.Chan and N.R krieg. Microbiology.
5. Jawetz E. J. et al. Review of medical microbiology.
GEB 217: ENZYMOLOGY
Introduction: Brief history, enzymes as biological catalysts, classification, nomenclature, enzyme assay, specific activity, enzyme activity units.
Factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reactions: substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, pH, temperature, coenzyme and cofactor.
Enzyme kinetics: Monosubstrate reactions, Michaelis-Menten equation and its linear transformations, Km, Vmax: definition, determination and significance. Double reciprocal plot or Lineweaver-Burk equation, kinetics of enzymatic reactions having two or more substrates.
Enzyme inhibition: Reversible inhibition, competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition. Irreversible inhibition, specific examples.
Specificity of enzymes: absolute specificity, broad specificity, intermediate specificity, and stereospecificity.
Enzyme regulation: allosteric enzymes, cooperativity special characteristics, Monod and Koshland models, covalent modification of enzymes, specific examples (ATPase, phosphorylase, and dehydrogenase.
Enzyme Technology: Industrial application of enzymes; immobilized enzymes, methods of immobilization and their applications; utilization of enzymes in industry, enzymes as analytical reagents, biosensor.
Books Recommended:
GEB 221: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Definition and Scope of animal reproduction, relationship of reproduction with genetics, breeding and as well as biotechnology, types of reproduction in various species of animals, adaptive mechanisms of individuals with respect to reproductive ability, factors responsible for reproduction, fundamental characteristics of reproduction, present status and future outlook of animal reproduction.
Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive system of economically important animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig etc.).
Reproductive Endocrinology: Hormone and receptors related to animal reproduction, classification, properties function and mode of action of reproductive hormones, endocrine regulation system governing male and female reproduction, hormone assay, hormone like substances- growth factor and prostaglandins. Relationship between Genetics and endocrinology, endocrine and nervous system. Use of synthetic and placental hormone. Transport and survival of gametes and embryos in vivo.
Germ cells: Primordial germ cells, life history of the germ cells, oogenesis, biochemical aspects of oogenesis, ovulation, follicular atresia, the structure of the egg, spermatogenesis, sperm transport in the male and female genital tract, egg ‘pick-up’, movement of egg along the fallopian tube.
Reproductive cycle and sexual behavior : Puberty, modern concept of the attainment of puberty in male and female, practical application of puberty, estrous cycle, endocrine mechanism of sexual behavior, endocrine, physiologic and behavioral changes during estrous in different farm animals, breeding season and its effect on reproduction.
Fertilization, pregnancy and parturition: Fertilization, preparation of gametes, acrosome reaction, interaction of spermatozoa with the zona pellucida, gamete fusion, activation of the egg, cleavage, blastocyst formation, implantation, embryonic and fetal development, act of parturition.
Reproductive diseases and reproductive failure: Common diseases of reproduction in both sexes of farm animals, reproductive disorders, recommended practices for improving fertility.
Reproductive efficiency: Measures of reproductive efficiency, factors responsible for efficient reproduction, means of improving reproductive efficiency.
Books Recommended:
1. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 2. Embryonic and fetal development.
2. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 3. Hormonal control of reproduction.
3. Hafez, E.S.E. : 1993. Reproduction in farm animals. (6th edn) Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
4. Lamming , G.E : Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction. 1990 (4th edn) Churchill Livingstone, London.
5. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 1, Germ cells and fertilization.
GEB 222: ANIMAL REPRODUCTION LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
1. Study on Male Reproductive system
2. Study on female Reproductive system
3. Observations of various signs of estrous and heat detection in farm animals.
4. Preparation and assembling of Artificial Vagina for semen collection.
5. Collection of semen from Bull, Ram and buck.
6. Evaluation of semen by physical test and pH
7. Evaluation of semen by total sperm count
8. Evaluation of semen by normal and abnormal sperm count
9. Evaluation of semen by live and dead sperm count.
10. Evaluation of semen by motility test
11. Evaluation of semen by methylene blue reduction test.
12. Preparation of diluter and extension of semen.
GEB 223: BIOFERTILIZER AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Biofertilizer:
1. Introduction: Soil fertility, sources of nitrogen, N2-cycle, forms of soil nitrogen, amount of nitrogen-fixed. Factors affecting nitrogen fixation.
2. Nitrogen Fixation: Methods discharge of electricity, activity of symbionts, activity of free fixers, manufacture of synthetic nitrogen. Interactions of O2 with N2- fixation; supplies of electrons; energy requirement for N2 fixation. Mechanism of penetration of Rhizobium into roots, signal exchange before cell infection, interaction at the root hair surface infection, infection thread development and nodulation; function of the nodule; measurement of N2 fixation. Factors affecting nodule development.
3. Nitrogenase: Discovery, nature and mode of action and mechanism of nitrogen-fixation.
4. The Nif genes: Nif+ and Nif- ; genetics of Nif in Klebsiella pneumoniae; structure and regulation of Nif genes in K. penumoniae, Rhizobium and Anabeana.
5. Isolation, Identification and Classification of the Following Microorganisms used as Biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Frankia and Mycorrhizae.
6. Production of Biofertilizers: a) Rhizobium: Mass-production, inoculants, quality control, methods of inoculation and agronomic improtance. b) Azotobacter: Physiology and fuction, crop response. c) Azospirillium: Physiology and function, Inoculant, crop response. d) Frankia: Infection and nodule development. e) Mycorrhizae: Types, physiology and function, inoculum production and inoculation techniques.
7. Blue green algae (BGA): Nitrogen transformations in a low land rice ecosystem; heterocysts-modes of nitrogen fixation in BGA, isolation of BGA, agroclimatic variations; algalization-mass cultivation; multiplication of BGA in the field and effect of inoculation on the yield of rice, pay off from BGA inoculant.
8. General Discussion on: Azolla, green manure, algae and soil reclamation, organic matter composting and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, benefits from biofertilizers.
Renewable Energy:
1. Introduction: Sources of energy, types of energy.
2. Biomass: Sources of biomass, composition of biomass, terrestrial and aquatic biomass, formation of biomass.
3. Solar Energy: Photosynthesis, solar energy as a fuel replacement, production of hydrocarbon from plants.
4. Biomass as Fuel Energy: Methods of biomass for energy, different types of fuels, biomass fuel fields, Hydrolysis, municipal solid waste.
5. Biomass Conversion: Non-biological process and biological process.
6. Gaseous Fuel: Biogas and Hydrogen, Procedure for biogas making and its utility, production of Hydrogen from biomass.
7. Liquid Fuel: Alcohol- ethanol production from biomass, future prospects of industrial alcohol.
8. Biomass and Environment: Environmental impacts and remedies, other important issues.
Books Recommended:
1. Carl. W. Hall, (1981).Biomass as an Alternative Fuel. Govt. Institutes, Inc. USA.
2. Dubey, R. C. 2004. A text Book of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi-110055
3. Gary Stacey, Robert H. Burris and Harold J. Evans (1997). Biological Nitrogen Fixation. First Indian edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.
4. Klass, Donald E., Emert, George 11, 1981.Fuels from Biomass and Waste. Ann Arbor Science Pub. Ins. USA.
5. Mital, K. M. 1996.Biomass System-Principles and applications. New Age international (P) Ltd. India
6. Postagate J. R. (1982). The Fundamentals on Nitrogen Fixation. First Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CB21RP
GEB 224: BIOFERTILIZER AND RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
Books Recommended:
1. Gary Stacey, Robert H. Burris and Harold J. Evans (1997). Biological Nitrogen Fixation. First Indian edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.
GEB 231: METABOLISM
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credit
Introduction: General aspects of metabolism and experimental approaches to the study of metabolism, metabolic and energy transfer pathways, basic concept of the control of metabolism.
Lipid Metabolism: Degradation of triglycerides and phospholipids, oxidation of fatty acids, propionate metabolism, ketone bodies (formation and utilization), utilization of fatty acids for energy production, oxidation and functional role of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Protein Metabolism: Outline of metabolism of amino acids decarboxylation, oxidative deamination, transamination, urea cycle and toxicity of ammonia.
Biosynthetic Path Ways: One carbon metabolism or biosynthesis of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), cholesterol, B-carotene, triglycerides, steroid hormones, prostaglandins, prostacycline, thromboxane, phospholipids.
Amino acid metabolism: Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, oxidative degradation of amino acids to specialized products, amino acid biosynthesis, regulation of amino acid metabolism, metabolism of folic acid, glutathione, methylmalonate, clinical correlations: phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, folic acid deficiency.
Nucleotide metabolism: Overview metabolic functions of nucleotide, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, formation of deoxyribonucleotides, regulation of nucleotides biosynthesis. nucleotide degradation, biosynthesis of nucleotide coenzyme, nucleotide metabolizing enzymes as a function of cell cycle and rate of cell division, antimetabolites of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, orotic aciduria.
Metabolism of porphyrins, Heme, and bile pigments.
Mineral metabolism: Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, I, Mn, Zn and metal toxicities (Hg, Pb, As, Cd).
Books Recommended:
GEB 235: PLANT BREEDING
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credit
Introduction: Definition, history, scope and objectives in plant breeding. Genetic basis of plant breeding. Contribution of national research institutes for the development of improved varieties of important crops.
Plant genetic resources: Definition and classification of germplasm, Gene pool Concept, genetic erosion.
Self-incompatibility: Definition, cause, Classification on the basis of the interaction between Pollen grain and pistil, Heteromorphic and Homomorphic system of self-incompatibility, Mechanism, elimination and temporary suppression of self-incompatibility.
Apomixis: Definition, Ideal features of Apomictic system, Classifications, Genetics of Apomixis, Development of apomictic lines, Application of Apomixis, advantage and Problems in utilization of Apomixis.
Male Sterility: Definition, classifications, phenotypic expression, Genetic Male sterity, molecular mechanism of ms action. Types of genetic male sterility, TGMS and PGMS lines, Transgenic genetic male sterility and their utilization in plant breeding.
Hybridization Techniques and Consequences: Definition, objectives, prerequisites, advantages and disadvantages of hybridization. Selfing and crossing techniques, difficulties and precaution, rising of the F1 generation, techniques in field traits.
Heterosis and inbreeding depression: Heterosis; Types, scope, genetic, physiological and biochemical basis, use of heterosis in plant breeding. Inbreeding depression; Genetic effects of inbreeding depression (in plant, animals, human and fishes) practical application of inbreeding, genetical basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression.
Methods of breeding: Self pollinated crop; Mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree method, backcross methods and bulk method of selection and single seed discent method. Cross pollinated crop; Variety concept, mass selection, recurrent selection, inbreed lines and evaluation of inbreed lines (general combining ability and specific combining ability), synthetic variety.
Release and evaluation of new varieties. Distribution of improved seeds from laboratory to farmers. Production of hybrid and synthetic varieties.
Books Recommended:
GEB 236: PLANT BREEDING LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
1. Hybridization techniques:
Floral biology, pollination system and crossing techniques in crop plants, such as rice, wheat maize, tomato, beans, peas,
groundnut, mustard and jute.
2. Demonstration of field experiments:
a) Demonstration of parental, hybrid and segregating populations and data collection.
b) Demonstration of breeding research activities in the GPB experimental farm.
3. Statistical analysis of plant breeding and genetic experiments:
a) Data analysis for variety testing and other experiments, using a RCB design-anova, test of significance and mean separation.
b) Plant characters association –correlation and regression analysis.
c) Estimation of heterosis, heritability and no. of genes controlling quantitative characters.
GEB 237: ANIMAL GENETICS & BREEDING
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Need for animal products, concept of animal genetics, application of genetics in livestock and other economical animals. Concept of animal breeding. Its development and application, domestication of farm animals, development of breed association. Population, breeds and breed structure, design of breeding programs, breed evolution.
Mendelian genetics: Principles of inheritance- the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, modification of Mendelian ratios – lack of dominance, lethal genes, epistasis, linkage and crossing over.
Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanism of sex determination, free martin, intersexes and super sexes, sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited characters.
Gene expression: Functions of gene, genetic control of metabolism, protein synthesis in animal body. Mutation: The molecular basis of mutation, phenotypic effects of mutation, practical application of mutation in the field of livestock.
Chromosomal aberration: Deletion and duplication. Aneuploidy and polyploidy in animals, chromosomal abnormality syndromes in animals. Karyotype and Genetic maps: linear arrangement of gene in chromosome, linkage maps of Drosophila chromosomes, maps of human chromosome, Giant chromosomes in the salivary glands of flies.
Genetic Diversity: Diversity in animal agriculture, animal genetic resources (AnGR), status of genetic resources- extinct, critical, endangered, at risk, reasons for loss of genetic resources, management of genetic diversity, conservation and improvement of AnGR.
Genetics constitution of population: Gene and genotype frequencies, hardy-Weinberg law, factors changing genetic properties and gene frequency.
Phenotypic variation: Values and means, discrete and continuous variation, normal distribution, components of phenotypic and genetic variation, genotype-environment interaction, average effect of genes.
Population parameters: Heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation- definition, methods of estimation and their uses. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. Breeding value: Definition, estimation and uses, most probable producing ability (MPPA), transmitting ability, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), Quantitative trait loci (QTL).
Selection: Natural and artificial selection, selection objectives and selection criteria, mass selection, pedigree selection, family selection, progeny testing, sib testing, methods of selection for more than one traits. Selection for correlated traits. Single gene effect in animal breeding, Nucleus breeding system, accuracy of selection.
Response to selection: Selection program for livestock improvement, prediction and estimation of selection response, selection limit.
Mating System: Inbreeding, inbreeding depression, crossbreeding and Heterosis, selection for combining ability, formation of synthetic breeds, grading-up and species hybridization, breed conservation.
Breeding plan formulation: Improvement goal, existing genetic resources, improvement policy, breeding policy formulation for livestock, rabbit and zoo animals.
Books Recommended:
1. Verma, P.S. and V.K Agarwal 1985. : Genetics (6th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Gardner, E.J ., M.J. Simmons and D.P. Snustad. 1991. : Genetics (18th edn) John Wiley and Sons. New York.
3. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.
4. Warwick, E.J. and Legates. 1987. : Breeding and Improvement of farm animal (7th ed.) McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York.
5..Lasely, J.F. 1978. : Genetics of Livestock Improvement (3rd edn.) Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. Malcolm B. Willis. 1991. : Dalton’s Introduction to practical animal breeding (3rd edn) Blackwell Sci. London.
GEB 238: ANIMAL GENETICS & BREEDING LAB
2 Hours/week, 1 Credit
1. Study on the life cycle of drosophila
2. Studies on cell division
3. Solving problems on Mendelian Genetics and linkage in farm animals.
4. Study on records and record keeping for successful animal breeding program.
5. Calculation of gene & genotype frequency in an animal population.
6. Measurement of variance and covariance using full and half sib data.
7. Estimation of heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation.
8. Measurement of relationship and inbreeding co-efficient.
9. Estimation of breeding value, transmitting ability, most probable producing ability.
10. Estimation of selection differential, selection response, selection index.
Books Recommended:
1. Falconer, D.S. 1989 (3rd edn),: Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman, London.
2. Chapman, A.B. : General and Quantitative Genetics. World Animal Science, A4 Elsevier Scientific publications, B.V. Amsterdam 1985.
3. Van Vleck., L.D. Pollak, E.J. and Oltenacu, E.A.B., : Genetics for animal Science. 1987. W.H Freeman & Co., New York, USA.
4. Nicholas, F.W. : Veterinary Genetics. 1987. Oxford Scientific Publications, London.
GEB 239: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
4 Hours/Week, 4 Credits
Ecology and ecosystem: Fundamentals of ecology, the nature of ecosystem, soil, ocean and freshwater ecosystem, the flow of energy in ecosystem.
Biogeochemical cycles: The water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, sulphur cycle, other biogeochemical cycles.
Pollution control biotechnology: Use of commercial blends of microorganisms and enzymes in pollution control, immobilized cells in pollution control, novel biotechnological approaches-use of genetic manipulation, enzymes and specialized bacteria.
Sewage treatment: primary treatment, BOD, secondary treatment, disinfections and release, activated sludge, septic tanks, oxidation ponds, tertiary treatment.
Metal pollutions and microorganisms: sourses of metals, metal bioavailability in the environment, mechanisms of microbial metal resistance and detoxification, effects of metal microbes interactions.
Biosensors and VBNC: application of biosensors for the detection of environmental pollutants, isolation and enrichment of organisms capable of detoxifying environmental pollutants.
Biodeterioration: Basic concepts and factors, biodeterioration of leather, wool, fur, feather, stones, plastics and rubber, control of biodeterioration- physical, chemical and biological methods.
Xenobiotics in the environment: Persistence and biomagnification, recalcitrant industrial wastes, structure-recalcitrance relationship, factors affecting microorganisms to degrade xenobiotics.
Biodegradation and metabolism: Biodegradation and metabolism of pesticides, phenols, organic dyes, synthetic organic chemicals, petrochemicals.
Bioremediation: Definition, approaches to bioremediation-environmental modification for bioremediation, microbial seeding and bioengineering approaches, DNA and RNA based methods
Books Recommended:
1. Atlas RM and Bartha R. Microbial Ecology.
2. Klung and Reddy. Current prospects in microbial ecology.
3. R.Mitchell. Introduction to environmental Microbiology.
4. Glazer AN & Nikaido H. Microbial Biotechnology.
5. Wiley GB. Waste Water Microbiology, 2nd edition.
6. Wise DL. Biotreatment systems: vol.2.
7. Pickup RW and Saunders IJR. Molecular approaches to Environmental Microbiology.
8. I. Foin. Ecological systems and the environment.
9. J.M. Lynch and Poole. Microbial ecology- A conceptual approach.
GEB 240: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
Laboratory works based on GEB 239
GEB 300 SEMINAR AND ORAL
2 Hours/week, 1 Credit
GEB 302: FIELD WORK (COMPULSORY)
0 Credit
GEB 311: PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
3 Hours/week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Definition, types, history and development, theory of tote potency, importance. Laboratory organization and aseptic techniques: Lab, facilities, design, operation and management, aseptic technique for plant tissues, chemicals, instruments, glass wares, personal hygiene.
Culture media: Definition, components, composition, function of components, preparation and media selection, solidification and maintenance of media.
Explants collection & tissue culture: Selection, collection and preparation of explants, callus and suspension culture, batch and continuous culture, callus induction and maintenance, transfer of cultures and subcultures, storage of cultured cells, initiation and establishment of embryogenic suspension culture, effect of culture condition on growth.
Growth and regeneration: Growth process, characteristics and measurement method of growth, organogenesis, morphogenesis, precaution and trouble shooting in plant tissue culture.
Micro propagation: Definition, direct and indirect method of different plant, factors of shoot and root multiplication.
Protoplast culture: Isolation, purification and culture of protoplast, hybrid, cybrid etc.
Anther/pollen culture: Collection, processing and method, in-vitro pollination and fertilization. Production of disease free plants: Methods of virus elimination, versus indexing, eradication of pathogen other than virus, application and limitation, selection of decease resistant strains in-vitro.
Somatic embryogenesis: Procedure, embryo development, mutation, plant formation, somatic hybridization and cybridization. Plant tissue culture in germplasm conservation & industrial application.
Somaclonal Variation: Somaclonal variation of crops, medicinal plant species and other plants, somatic hybridization, production of cybrid, application of hybrid and cybrid. Production of mutants, stress tolerance, amino acid analogue, pathogen resistant stock and disease resistant mutants from medicinal and crop plants.
Cryopreservation: Difficulties in cryopreservation, methods for cryopreservation, plant cell/tissue bank, pollen bank, germline, achievement through cryopreservation.
Books Recommended:
1. Razdan, M.K. : An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture.
2. Bhojwani, S.S. : Plant Tissue Culture
3. Vasil, I,K. and Thrope. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.
GEB 312: PLANT TISSUE CULTURE LAB
2 Hours/week, 1 Credit
Books Recommended:
1. Razdan, M.K. : An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture.
2. Bhojwani, S.S. : Plant Tissue Culture
3. Vasil, I,K. and Thrope. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.
GEB 313: MICROBIAL GENETICS
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
.
Introduction: The evolution of microbial genetics, early concepts of bacterial variation; adaptation, mutation and selection; dominance and recessiveness of characters, difference with eucaryotic genetics.
Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression: General aspects of prokaryotic gene regulation; regulation of the metabolism of lactose-the LAC operon; catabolite repression; regulation of the biosynthesis of tryptophan-the TRP operon; two-component regulatory system.
Genetics of bacteria: Bacterial conjugation, transformation, transduction, chromosomal transfer; interrupted mating experiments.
Plasmids: Types, transfer, replication, detection and construction of recombinant plasmid vectors.
Genetics of Fungi: Special study of Yeast genetics.
Genetics of Viruses: Genetics of bacteriophage; cosmid and phagemid vectors.
Books Recommended:
GEB 315: VIROLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Brief history, nomenclature and classification, virion structure.
Pathogenesis of viral diseases: specific examples: Influenza, EBV, Hepatitis, HIV, Dengue and Tumor viruses.
Cellular oncogenes and oncogenic viruses: factors affecting the development of cancer, relation of oncogenes and oncogenic viruses for development of cancer, use of retroviruses as a vector for gene therapy and genetic engineering.
Plant and animal virus replication: Replication and gene expression of DNA and RNA viruses-TMV, adenovirus, hepadnavirus, poxvirus, orthomyxoviruses, reoviruses, retroviruses.
Bacteriophages: Genome organization and replication of DNA and RNA bacteriophages-T2, T4, φX174, MU.
Immunity, prevention and treatment of viral diseases: Interferon interference, induction and activation, antivirals and viral vaccines.
Viroids and prions: General characteristics, virulence properties.
Books Recommended:
GEB 317: FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Micro organisms (molds yeasts, bacteria) important in food biotechnology, major biotech food products.
Biotechnology of Milk and Milk Products: Composition and food value of milk. adulteration of milk. Pasteurisation of milk. Definition, composition and manufacture of Butter and butter products. Definition, classification, manufacturing and processing of different types of domestic and foreign cheese. Composition and manufacturing process of condensed and powder milk.
Biotechnology in Fermented Dairy Products and Dairy Based Products: Starter culture, dhahi, yogurt, cultured butter milk, acidophilus milk and kefir. Classification of ice-cream, manufacturing, hardening and storage of ice-cream.
Biotechnology in Fruit Processing: Preperation of squash from fruit, juice, non alcoholic fruit drinks, sour kraut, pickles, jam, jellies, and marmalades. Enzyme treatments and preservation of fruit products,
General Principles of Fish and Meat Preservation: General Principles of food preservation with special emphasis on fish and meat. Proximate composition and nutritive value of fish and meat.
Freshness test of fish and Meat: Organoleptic, microbial and chemical test. Post mortem changes of fish and animals and its importance in fish and meat processing.
Preservation of Fish and Meat: Chilling of fish and meat with ice and preservative ice. Methods of freezing. Factors affecting the quality during chilling and freezing. Preservation by irradiation, effect of irradiation on the keeping quality.
Drying and Dehydration: Basic mechanism of fish and meat drying. Country method of meat drying. Different methods of drying/ dehydration of fish and other aquatic animals. Quality aspects of dried fish and meat.
Smoking: Smoking as a preservation and processing method of fish and meat.
Salting: Types of salting, technological aspects of salting, salting process and characteristic features of salting with special emphasis on Hilsa fish processing.
Canning: Principles of canning, preparation of raw material, canning operation, types of can materials, examination of can, prospect of canned food industry in Bangladesh.
Fermented and Semi Fermented Products: Shidol, fish pest, fermented squid gut etc.
Value Added Products: Surimi: Surimi as a special fish product, methods of surimi preparation, factors affecting surimi preparation. Minced fish, fish meal, fish silage, FPC, FPI, fish oil etc.
Food Processing Technology: Food additives, packaging of food, storage, transportation, merchandising of various products with added value, food spoilage and food regulation, quality control of food processing.
Book Recommended:
1. Clusas, I. J. 1985. Fish Handling, Preservation and Processing in the tropics. Patr I and II.Tropical Development and Research Institute, London.
2. Brogstrom, G. (Editor). 1965. Fish as Food vol. I � IV. Academic Press London.
3. Govinda, T. K. 1985. Fish Processing Technology. Oxford and IBM Publishing Co. , New Dilhi.
4. Stansby, M. E. 1963. Industrial Fishery Technology. Rehinold Pub. Co. New York.
5. Tanikawa, E. 1985. Marine Products in Japan. Koseisha Koseikaku Co. Ltd.., Tokyo.
6. Wheaton, F. W. and Lawson, T. B. 1985. Processing of aquatic Food Products. Wiley Inter Science, New York.
GEB 318: FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB.
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
GEB 319: TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Centrifugation techniques: principle of sedimentation, centrifuges and their use, density gradient centrifugation and ultracentrifuge.
Chromatographic techniques: principle of chromatography; column, thin-layer and paper chromatography; adsorption, gas liquid, ion-exchange, exclusion, affinity and high performance liquid chromatography.
Electrophoretic techniques: principle; factors affecting electrophoresis; gel electrophoresis, determination of restriction fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis. SDS-PAGE; isoelectric focusing; isotechnophoresis and preperative electrophoresis.
Radioisotope techniques: nature, detection and measurement of radioactivity; application of radioisotopes in the biological sciences; safety aspects of the use of radioisotopes.
Molecular methods for structure determination: Ultraviolet (UV), Infra-red (IR), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Electron spin resonance (ESR) and mass spectroscopy.
DNA and RNA isolation and purification: DNA and RNA isolation and purification, quantification of nucleic acid by spectrophotometry, fractionation of genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
Southern, Northern and Western Blotting: Southern, Northern and Western blot hybridization, restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid DNA.
PCR: Basic principles, methods and applications of PCR, RT-PCR, Primer design-degenerated and gene specific primers, forward and reverse primers, factors considering in the construction of primers.
Sequencing: Different methods of DNA sequencing.
Books Recommended:
GEB 320: TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
Laboratory works based on GEB 319
GEB 321: BIOENERGETICS
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Bioenergetics: High energy compounds, the ATP cycle, structure, occurrence and properties of ATP, ADP and AMP, ATP transfer of phosphate group, ATP as the source of energy, the role of ATP and pyrophosphate, and other high energy compounds.
ATP synthesis: Coupling with respiratory electron flow, the chemiosmotic model, mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH, energetics of electron transport, uncoupling and inhibition of electron transport regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
Biological oxidation and reduction reaction.
Mitochondria: Structure, enzyme localization, mitochondrial electron flow, electron carriers, uncouples and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation.
Structure and function of chlorophyll, photosynthesis (Calvin cycle, dark and light reaction, photophosphorylation and electron transport chain).
Books Recommended:
1. Lehninger, Albert, L., Nelson David, L., Cox, Michael, M., Principles of Biochemistry, 1st Indian Edition, 1993. CBS Publisher’s and Distibutors.
2. Strayer, Lubert, 1988. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Q. H. Freeman and company, New York.
3. Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes P. A. Rodwell, V. W. 1988. Harper’s Biochemistry. 22nd edition, Prentice Hall International.
4. Conn, E. E., Stumpt, P. K., 1994, Outlines of Biochemistry, 4th Edition, Wiley Eastem Limited, new age International Limited.
GEB 331: CELL SIGNALLING
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
General principles of cell signaling: Extracellular signal molecule and their receptors, Operation of signaling molecules over various distances, Sharing of signal information, Cellular response to specific combinations of extracellular signal molecules; NO signaling by binding to an enzyme inside target cell, Nuclear receptor; Ion channel linked, G-protein- linked and enzyme-linked receptors, Relay of signal by activated cell surface receptors via intracellular signaling proteins, Intracellular signaling proteins as molecular switches, Interaction between modular binding domain and signaling proteins, Remembering the effect of some signal by cells.
Signaling through G-protein-linked cell surface receptors: cAMP and G protein signaling, role of cAMP-dependant protein kinase (PKA) in mediating effects of cAMP, Inositol phospholipids signaling pathway, Ca2+ as a intracellular messenger, role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependantprotein kinases in mediating actions of Ca2+, desensitization of G-protein-linked receptors.
Signaling through enzyme-linked cell surface receptors: Receptor tyrosine kinases, docking sits for proteins, Activation of Ras, Ras cycles between active and inactive states, signals from activated Ras to a cascade of protein kinases including MAP-kinases, PI 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway, Insulin receptor acts through PI 3-kinase pathway, Cytokine receptors and the JAK-STAT pathway, Two component signaling pathway of bacterial chemotaxis.
Signaling pathways that depends on regulated proteolysis: Activation of Notch receptor by cleavage, binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled receptors, stressful and proinflammatory stimuli act through NF-kB dependant signaling pathway.
TGFß signaling receptors: Activated type I TGFß receptors phosphorylate Smad transcription factors, Smad signaling via negative feedback loop, TGFß signaling and abnormal cell proliferation.
Environmental approaches of signal-induced responses: Evolutionary conservation and proliferation of genes encoding signals and regulators. Protein microarrays for monitoring cell responses, Cellular response by oxygen deprivation.
Books recommended:
1. Molecular Biotechnology. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. 2003. ASM Press, USA.
2. DNA cloning 1 and 2. Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995. IRL Press (Oxford University Press, USA).
5. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th edition). Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts and Walter.
6. Molecular Cell Biology (5th edition). Lodish, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipersky and Darnell.
7. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition). Nelson and Cox.
8. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Watson, Baker, Bell.
GEB 333: ANIMAL CELL TECHNOLOGY
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Introduction to animal tissue culture: Definition, type and history & development, Importance of cell, tissue and organ culture.
Background of Animal Cell culture: Animal cell cultures new understanding, new developments. Animal cell culture technology in the 21st century.
Laboratory Organization: Facilities, design, operation and management. Media: Components, composition, functions of components, preparation and media selection. Solidification and maintenance of media.
Equipping the laboratory: Essential, beneficial and useful additional equipmentsconsumable items.
Contamination, laboratory safety and biohazards: Types of microbial contamination, detection of microbial contamination, cross contamination, general safety, fire, radiation and biohazards.
Preparation and sterilization: Principles of sterilization of apparatus, reagents and media.
The cell culture environment: Substrate, gas phase, medium and temperature. The substrate: plastic and glass wares; tissue culture flasks, culture vessels. The gas phase: Oxygen, carbondioxide, Medium and Supplements: physical properties, constituents of media, serum, serum-free media; selection of medium and serum, other supplements, incubation temperature.
Isolation of tissue and primary culture: Culture of Mouse embryos and hen’s embryo cell.
Culture of specific cell types: epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, neuroectodermal cells, hemopoietic cells. Culture of tumor tissue- general method, selective culture.
Three- Dimensional culture system: Organ culture, histotypic culture, filter wells. Preparation of cell line: Isolation of different types of animal tissue; fibroblast, liver, kidney, bone marrow and their uses, Physical methods of cell separation.
Maintenance of cultured cells: Routine observation and maintenance; cloning and selection of specific cell-types.
Quantitation and experiment with Animal Cell: selection of cell line; experimental design; growth phase: cell counting, preparation of samples for enzyme assay and immune assay, preparation of samples for extraction of DNA and RNA.
Books Recommended:
1. Befuery, Griffiths and Zeijlemaker : Animal Cell Technology
2. Ian Fresshney, R. : Culture of Animal Cells
3. Chirkjian, J. G. : Biotechnology : Theory and Techniques
GEB 335: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Introduction: Definition, scope, importance of fermentation technology, major areas of fermentation technology.
Phases of fermentation: Basic concepts on three core components of fermentation process and details about development of industrially important strains and their preservation.
Media Formulation and Sterilization Process: Media composition, types, factors influencing media formulation, mechanism of sterilization, of media, killing kinetics, determination of lethal effect and lethal units.
Inocula Preparation and Development: Criteria used for inocula preparation, different processes of preparation, bacterial and fungal inocula preparation and development.
Fermentation kinetics: rate equation for cell growth, substrate utilization, products formulation,
Classification of Fermentation Process: Batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentation process, advantages and disadvantages of these process.
Books Recommended:
1. Fermentation: a Lab. approach-B. MacNeil & Harvey, IRL Press, Oxford
2. Principle of Fermentation Technology-P.F. Stanbury & Whitaker.
GEB 336: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY LAB
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Laboratory works based on GEB 336
GEB 337: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Concepts of Recombinant DNA technology, biological tools of Recombinant DNA technology, modification of gene, methods and mechanism of gene transfer, application of virus and bacteria in recombinant DNA production, competent cells, hosts for cloning and expression of recombinant DNA, different enzymes involved in production of recombinant DNA.
Genetic Engineering: Definition of genetic engineering, steps and strategies of genetic engineering, prospects and problems of genetic engineering, basic tools of genetic engineering.
Cloning Vectors: Characteristics of good cloning vectors, types, structure of different cloning vectors, synthesis and cloning of cDNA, Decapping of mRNA, isolation of full-length cDNA, 3 ´-RACE, 5´-RACE, formation of genomic DNA, preparation of vector DNA, recipient DNA, formation of hybrid DNA through genetic engineering.
Gene Library and Cloning of Foreign Gene: Construction of cDNA library, genomic library, different approaches for finding the target gene from cDNA and gene libraries.
Creation of Transgenic Plants and Animals through Genetic Engineering: Identification and isolation of gene, nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, preparation of selected DNA, gene transfer methods in to host cells, expressing of the transfer genes, PCR based cloning.
Regulation of Gene Expression: Gene from different kinds of RNA, RNA polymerase, positive and negative control of gene expression, gene expression of somatic cell hybrids.
Books Recommended:
GEB 339: IMMUNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Brief history, components of immune system, molecular and cellular basis of immune system.
Antigen and antibody: Types, properties and structure.
Cells and organs involved in the immune response: Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells), primary and secondary expansion of lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, monocytes/macrophages, antigen presenting cells, polymorphs and mast cells; the primary and secondary lymphoid organs and tissues.
The humoral immune response: Antigen-antibody interactions, affinity and avidity; antibodies, classification, structure, function and mechanism of action; interferons and their functions.
The cell-mediated immune response: Recognition of antigen by T cells, antigen presentation, the major histocompatibility complexes or MHC molecules, the role of cytokines and the regulation of immune responses.
Complements: Activities of complement proteins, activation of complement, classical pathway, regulation of classical pathway activation, alternative pathway, activation and amplification loop, their regulation, membrane attack complex, biological effects of complement.
Immunity to infection: Immunity to intracellular and extracellular bacteria, viral infections, and parasitic infections.
Vaccination: Designing of vaccines, attenuated vaccine, conjugate vaccine, subunit vaccine, DNA based and other vaccines; experimental vaccines for cholera as an example.
Immunopathology: Immunodeficiency, Autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, Tumor immunology, Hypersensitivity reactions, AIDS.
Immunological techniques: precipitation, agglutination, ELISA, Radio immunoassay (RIA), Immunoelectrophoresis, Immunoblotting, Immunofluorescence and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS).
Books Recommended:
GEB 340: IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY LAB.
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
Laboratory works based on GEB 315 and GEB 339.
GEB 341: AQUACULTURE & FISH GENETICS
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Aquaculture:
Introduction: Definition and aims of aquaculture. Brief description of different aquaculture system and management practices. Present status of aquaculture and mari-culture in Bangladesh.
Freshwater Aquaculture: Culture of Carp, Catfish, Tilapia, Prawn.
Integrated Fish Culture: Paddy cum fish culture, Poultry/ duck cum fish culture.
Mariculture: Culture of shrimp, Oyster, Crab.
Ornamental Fish Culture: Important indigenous and exotic aquarium fish species and their culture method, breeding of aquarium fish, scope of improvement.
Reproductive and Endocrine System of Fish: Reproductive systems of freshwater and marine fishes, Endocrine systems and their realizing hormone of freshwater and marine fishes.
Sex-determination: Different sex determining system of fish.
Breeding of Fish and Shrimp: Natural and artificial breeding of Carp, Tilapia, Catfish, Prawn and Shrimp.
Diseases of Aquatic Animals and Control Methods: Major Protozoan, Microbial (Viral, Bacterial , fungal) and nutritional deficiency diseases of fish and shellfish and their control method.
Fish Genetics:
Qualitative genetics: Different types of genetic interactions.
Quantitative genetics: Genetics of quantitative traits, quantitative genetics related to fish breeding, heritability and artificial selection, Inbreeding, inbreeding problem, Genetic drift.
Selective Breeding and Genetic Improvement of Fish: Selective breeding for qualitative and quantitative traits, suitable model of selective breeding for major, minor carp and Tilapia.
Population Genetics: Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, genetic variation, domestication.
Books Recommended:
GEB 342: AQUACULTURE & FISH GENETICS LAB.
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credits
Laboratory works based on GEB 345
Laboratory works based on GEB 341
GEB 400 GENERAL VIVA VOCE
3Hours/week 1.5 Credits
GEB 402 STUDY TOUR (compulsory)
0 Credit
GEB 411: PROTEOMICS, GENOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction to Bioinformatics: the fundamentals of protein and nucleic acid Sequence analysis, Database searching, pairwise alignments, database searching including BLAST, Sequence analysis with PERL, Multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic analysis, Profile searches of databases, revealing protein motifs, 3D structural comparisons, predictions and modeling.
Genomics: What is genomics, Genetics to genomics, Whole genomes sequencing. Genome Sequence Acquisition and Analysis, Evolution and Genomes, Biomedical Genome Research: genomic sequences to make new vaccines, new types of antibiotics, new types of medications.
Genomic Variations: Variation in the human genome, known examples of SNPs that cause diseases, Pharmacogenomics, Ethical Consequences of Genomic Variations.
Expression Data Analysis: DNA/RNA Microarrays, The oligo microarray/chip technology, Affymetrix protocol and data generation, The spotted microarray technology, cDNA and oligo spotted arrays, Biomedical applications; Cancer and genomic microarrays. Nanotechnology, Gene therapy.
Proteomics: Introduction, Protein 3D Structures, Protein identifications (2-hybrid system, 2-D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry/MALDI-TOF, other arrays). Statistical models and stochastic processes in Proteomics, Signal Processing for Proteomics, Protein Interaction Networks, measureing protein interactions, Large-scale databases of information for protein sequences, structures, functions and interactions; mining of protein databases, applications to human disease studies.
Networks in Bioinformatics/Proteomics: Communication Networks, Biological networks (Protein Interaction Networks, Gene regulation networks, Metabolism, Biochemical reactions), Databases and search tools for biological network analysis. Genomic Circuits: in Single Genes, Complex integrated Genomic Circuits, Modeling Whole-Genome Circuits: Genomics vs. Proteomics Case study Yeast Protein Interaction Network (random network, Scale free network, Hierarchical network)
Structural and Functional Genomics Studies:
Plant genome: Arabidopsis genome covering identification and characterization of genes controlling flowering, vernalization, photoperiod, circadian clock.
Recommended References:
1. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics, & Bioinformatics. Campbell & Heyer (2003) Pearson Education, ISBN: 0-8053-4722-4
2. Bioinformatics, Methods of Biochemical Analysis Series Vol. 43, Baxevanis & Ouellette (2001) John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-38391-0
3. Computational Molecular Biology. Pevzner, P.A. (2000) MIT Press, ISBN: 0262161974
4. Bioinformatics: A Lab. Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. Andreas D. Baxevanis & B. F. Francis Ouellette (2004). 3rd Edition. Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0-471-47878-4
GEB 412: PROTEOMICS, GENOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
Based on course no. GEB 411
GEB 413: MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credit
Introduction: History, definition, application, development and production of medicinal and pharmaceutical products through biotechnology.
Biotechnology in Medicine: production of human peptide hormones, insulines, somatotropin, somatostatin, human interferon, different types of vaccines, blood products and antibiotics.
Production of Biopharmaceutical Products: Biochemical products, animal products through cell culture, pharmaceutical products through transgenic technology, blood substrates through transgenic animals.
Production of Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies: Hybridoma technology, purification of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
Test and techniques used for good pharmaceutical product: Sterility testing, potency of antibiotics and vaccines, pyrogen test-LAL and rabbit test.
Gene Therapy: Detection of human disease causing genes, functional and potential gene cloning, ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy, viral gene delivery systems, pro-drug activation therapy.
Recommended References:
GEB 415: ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Introduction: Definition, scope and importance of animal biotechnology.
Cryo-preservation of semen: Definition, importance and techniques of cryo-preservation, Modern techniques for ultra-evaluation, factors affecting freezability of semen, post thawing evaluation and method of using frozen semen for Artificial insemination, semen bank.
Artificial Insemination: Semen evaluation, processing and preservation,. Separation of X and Y chromosomes bearing spermatozoa and its applicability.
Embryo Transfer: Definition, application of embryo transfer, process and methods of embryo transfer, selection, management of donor and recipient, estrous synchronization, super ovulation, insemination donar, fertilization and embryo development, embryo culture, embryo freezing, embryo sexing, transfer of selected embryo, limitation, production of twins, induced twinning and surrogate motherhood in vitro fertilization.
Test Tube Baby in Human: In vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, advantages and disadvantages.
Genetic Manipulation: Evaluation of chromosome of ova, micromanipulation of gametes, separation of X and Y chromosome and it’s applicability embryos and zona pellucida, recombinant DNA technology for production of transgenic animals.
Production of Transgenic Animals: Production of transgenic animals for milk and meat, disease resistant transgenic animals.
Cloning: Definition, history, cloning of sheep (Dolly), cattle, monkey and human (Ive), animal genetic engineering methods, application.
Gene Therapy: Detection of human disease causing genes, functional and potential gene cloning, ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy, viral gene delivery systems, pro-drug activation therapy.
Books Recommended:
1.. Curtis, J.L. 1991. : Cattle embryo transfer procedure. Academic press inc. california, USA.
2.. Hafez, E.S.E. 1993. : Reproduction in farm animals. (6th edn) Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
3. J.W. Evans and A. Hollaender. Genetic engineering of animals. Plenum Press. New York and London
4. Lamming , G.E. : Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction. 1990 (4th edn) Churchill Livingstone, London.
4. Waynforth, H.B and Flecknell, P.A. 1992. : Experimental and surgical technique in the rat (2nd edn) Academic press. NY, USA.
GEB 417: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Definition, scope of pharmacognosy and pharmacology, drugs nomenclature, genetic and branded drugs, source and nature of drugs, and properties of ideal drugs, drug toxicities, drug interaction.
Important drug compounds from plants: Biosynthesis and application of glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oils, phenolic compounds and tannins, resins etc obtained from plants.
Crude drugs: Origin, collection, preparation and storage of crude drugs, drug adulteration.
Modes and mechanism of drug action: Basic concepts of drug action, physico-chemical nature of drugs, receptor and non-receptor mechanism of drug action, relation between drug concentration and response.
Drugs used in pain and fever: Concepts and causes of pain and fever, concepts of inflammation, drugs used in pain and fever.
Gastric antacids: General consideration, chemistry of absorption, action and effects of gastric antacids.
Histamine and anti-histamines: Mode of action of histamine, anaphylactic shock, histamine releasing drugs, allergic disorder, classification, pharmacological action and therapeutics and adverse reaction of anti-histamines.
Drugs used in tropical diseases: Classification, chemistry, mode of action, adverse effects, and drugs used in tropical diseases.
Cardio-vascular drugs: Cardio-vascular disorders, classification, chemistry, mode of action and adverse effects of drugs used in cardio-vascular disorders.
Antidiabetic drugs: Classification of diabetes, chemistry and mode of action of antidiabetic drugs.
GEB 419: BIOREACTOR AND DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Concepts of bioreactors: Historical background, bioreactor process, factors for growth in bioreactors, types of bioreactors, bioreactor design, contamination and sterilyzation.
Process development: Shake-Flash fermentation, scale up of the process, bioreactors operation, bioreactor media.
Metabolic Production: Shikonin, rosmarimic acid, indole alkaloids, anthacyanine, recombinant protein, acetone-butanone, industrial alcohol, enzymes production, vaccine genes farming, drugs in bioreactors, commercialization of bioreactors products.
Instrumentation and Control: Control system, types of control, air flow monitoring, measurement of power input and temperature, foam and pH control.
Downstream Processing: Upstream and down stream processing, separation of particles, disintegration of cells extraction, concentration, purification, drying.
Recovery and Purification of fermentation Products: Methods of recovery and purification.
In Situ Recovery of Products: use of vaccum, two phase systems, dialysis, applications.
Books Recommended:
GEB 421: MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Microbial production of therapeutic agents:
• pharmaceutical isolation of interferon cDNA; Engineering of human interferon and human growth hormones; optimizing gene expression.
• Enzymes DNAase I and alginate lyase against cystic fibrosis.
• Monoclonal antibody as therapeutic agents-production of antibodies in E. coli and yeast. HIV thereapeutic agents.
Vaccines: Subunit vaccine- herpes simplex virus, tuberculosis, peptide vaccine, genetic immunization, attenuated vaccine, vector vaccine.
Synthesis of commercial products by recombinant micro-organisms: Restricted endonuclease; Small biomolecules- L-ascorbic acid, amino acids; antibiotics-cloning antibiotic genes, synthesis of novel antibiotics, peptide antibiotics; Biopolymers-Xanthan gum production, malanin biosynthesis, adhesive,rubber .
Biorecombination and biomass utilization: commercial production of fructose and alcohol, silage fermentation; utilization of cellulose.
Economically important primary and secondary metabolites: Production of single cell protein from carbohydrates, n-alkanes, methane and methanol for use in food and feed.
Bioplastics
Books Recommended:
GEB 423: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Definition, concept of plant biotechnology, scope, importance applications of biotechnological products from plant, tools of plant genetic engineering, application of biotechnological methods for plant development.
Genes transfer and expression in plant: Transient and stable gene expression, marker gene, reporter gene, selectable marker. Mechanism of transformation, Gene transfer methods- vector less and vector mediated gene transfer, Ti -plasmid, organisation of Ti- plasmid, Transfer of T-DNA in to host genome, advantage and disadvantages of Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer, binary vectors, co-integrative vector.
Cloning of plant gene: Vectors, Enzymes used for cloning techniques, Cells for cloning, construction of rDNA. Effect of linkers and adaptor molecules.
Molecular techniques for Trans gene expression: Gel electrophoresis, blotting techniques – southern, western, northern, dot blotting, DNA labelling, PCR and RT -PCR– techniques, application of different tools.
Plant gene isolation, identification and synthesis: Isolation of genomic DNA, genomic and cDNA library preparation .
Plant DNA sequencing: Importance, Plant DNA isolation procedure. DNA sequencing with Enzymatic methods, chemical degradation methods, advantage and disadvantages of these techniques.
Transgenic in crop improvement: Resistance to biotic stress (insect resistance, virus resistant. Disease resistant, resistant to abiotic stress, herbicide resistance, application.
Quality modification and novel features in transgenic plants: Modification of starch quality, oil quality, seed protein quality. Golden rice, suppression of endogenous genes, plant derived vaccines, problems in gene transfer.
Recommended Books:
GEB 424: PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
GEB 425: FISHERIES BIOTECHNOLOGY
2 Hours/Week, 2 Credits
Introduction: Fish, fisheries and biotechnology.
Manipulation of reproduction/chromosome in fisheries: Ploidy manipulation and induced polyploidy, sex reversal, gynogenesis, androgenesis, mono-sex fish production, genetic hybridization, genetic sex selection etc.
Fish Genomes: Gene mapping, DNA markers and its application in fish biotechnology.
Transgenic Fish: Production of transgenic fish through biotechnological methods and its applications, essential steps in transgenic fish production, future of transgenic induction for aquaculture.
Value Added Products from Fish: Protease and other enzymes, amino acids, lipids, vitamins and others.
Biotechnology in Health Management for Aquaculture: Hybridoma technology, production of monoclonal antibodies, vaccine development and vaccination of aquatic animals, application of probiotics.
Cryopreservation: Application of cryopreservation methods in fishes.
Books Recommended:
1. Ranga,M.M. and Q.J.Shammi (2005). Fish Biotechnology. Agrobios, India.
2. Bishop, M. D. et. al (1994). Genetics. 136.
3. Crawford, A.M. et. al. (1995). Gnetics. 140.
4. Itami, T, et. al. (1998). Advanced in shrimp biotechnology. National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. Bangkok. Gjedren, T. (1990). Genetics in Aquaculture III Ed., Elsevier.
GEB 431: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Basic concept, genetic principles, variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)/ Minisattelite sequences, short tandem repeats (STRs)/ Microsattelite sequences.
DNA Isolation: Isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood cell, soft tissue, semen, microorganism, bones, plant material, seeds.
DNA Fingerprinting: Hybridization based DNA fingerprinting (RFLP) - radioactive, fluorescent and chemiluminescent methods; PCR-based DNA fingerprinting- single locus and multi locus DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, AFLP.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism of some genetic locus in relation to diseases.
Application of DNA Fingerprinting: Identification of genotype/ varieties, breeds, strains; criminal investigation, immigration, paternity dispute; identification of missing person etc.
PCR based Detection: Detection of bacterial and viral diseases of aquatic animals.
Multiplex PCR: Diagnosis of cystic fibriosis, abnormal mucus clearance from the respiratory tract with frequent infections, pancreatic insufficiency, abnormal salt transport, infertility in males.
ARMS-PCR: Detection of –Thalassemia mutation.
FMR-1 Gene Trinucleotide Repeat analysis: Detection of Fragile X syndrome. Mental retardation, long faces large ear, prominent jaw, post-pubertal macroorchidism.
Genomic Southern Hybridization: Detection of pheladelphia chromosome; acute leukemia and Chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Sequencing: Identification of bacterial species on the basis of 16S rDNA sequences.
Books Recommended:
1. Freefelder, D. 1985. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House. New Dilhi.
2. Fowler, E. A. 1993. Techniques for Engineering Genes. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., UK.
3. Gupta, P. K. 1997. Cell and molecular Biology. Rastogi Pub., India.
4. Henry, R. J. 1984. Lab. applications of Plant Molecular Biology. Chapman and Hall Pub., London.
5. Micklos, D. A. and G. A. Freyer. 1990. DNA Science, Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, New York.
6. Stansfield, W. D. 1996. Theory and Problems of Molecular and Cell Biology. McGraw Hill Co. New York.
7. Weising, K. H., aH. Nybom, K. Woff and W. Meyer. 1995. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants and Fungi. CRC Press, USA.
GEB 432: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LAB
2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
Laboratory works based on GEB 431
GEB 433: PROTEIN AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Protein Technology: The scope of protein biotechnology; the range of industrially significant proteins; proteins employed in health-care industry; protein sources; microorganisms as a source of proteins; plants as a source of industrially important proteins; animal tissue as a protein source; conformational stability of proteins; recombinant protein technology; protein engineering.
Enzyme Technology: Industrial approach to enzyme production; development of new enzyme preparations; biochemical applications of enzymes; medical uses of enzyme; the use of enzymes as biocatalyst in organic chemistry; restriction endonuclease; biochemical processing; industrial and technical uses of enzymes; application of enzymes in food industry; use of enzymes in the extraction of natural products; detoxifying enzymes; enzyme based detergents; use of enzymes as cleansing agents; enzymes in the leather industry; enzymes in the textile industry; enzymes in the textile industry; enzymes in the paper manufacture; enzymes in the antibiotics; miscellaneous uses of biocatalysts.
Books Recommended:
GEB 435: AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Definition, scope and importance of agricultural biotechnology.
Transgenic agricultural crops: Concept of recombinant DNA technology, techniques, tools, Scope and importance of transgenic crops, Transformation procedure, vector construction, transgenic crops for improved crop productivity and improved nutritional quality.
Breeding for Drought resistance: Drought resistance: characteristics of abiotic stress, minimising losses due to abiotic stresses, development of drought resistance variety.
Breeding for Disease resistance: Losses due to disease, development, disease escape, disease resistance, vertical and horizontal resistance, mechanism and genetics of disease resistance, source of disease resistance, Methods of Breeding.
Breeding for Insect resistance: Losses due to insect, genetic variability, types, nature and genetics of insect resistance Insect, source, Breeding methods. Pathogen and herbicide resistant transgenic crops, drought, salt and cold tolerant crops development.
Biopesticides: Biopesticide, bioinsecticide and weedicides, biological control, application of biotechnology for pest, insect and weed control, integrated pest management.
Molecular Marker and Marker Assisted Selection: Molecular Marker systems, estimation of genetic variation using biotechnological approaches, SCARs, AFLP, RFLP, RAPD, SSR, VNTR. Mapping Strategies, Applications of molecular Markers.
Mutation crop improvement: Artificial mutations in plants, use of induced techniques in crop improvement, limitation of mutation breeding.
GMO and Bio-safety: Introduction, definitions, objectives of bio-safety guildline, Risk assessment, risk regulation, containment, planned introduction of GMOs, biosafety during industrial productions, guidelines and regulations.
Improvement of crop Yield and Quality: The genetic manipulation of fruit ripening, genetic Engineering plant protein composition for improved nutrition. Use of biotechnological methods for production and improvement of agricultural crop seeds.
Recommended Books:
GEB 436 PROJECT+ SEMINER
6 Hours/week, 3 Credits
Examiners panels for the session 2010-2011
All teachers of the relevant Departments in all pubic Universities in Bangladesh and all pertinent scientists in all Government and Autonomous Research Institutes in Bangladesh.