First Year: Semester I

First Year: Semester II

Second Year: Semester I

Second Year: Semester II

Third Year: Semester I

Third Year: Semester II

Fourth Year: Semester I

Fourth Year: Semester II

Introductory anatomy: Definition, branches of anatomy, anatomical terms, methods of study anatomy, importance of anatomy in the field of genetics. Osteology: Skeleton, classification of bones, composition and structure of bones, bones of cattle, goat, chicken including limb, skull, vertebrae and visceral bones. Splanchnology: Digestive system of ruminants, horse and chicken, reproductive system of cattle, sheep, goat, horse, dog and chicken. Fetal circulation of cattle.

1. R.K. Ghosh. Primary veterinary anatomy; Current books international, kolkata, 4^th edition (2006)

2. Getty, R. : Sisson and Grossman’s The anatomy of the Domestic animals, 5^th edition, W.B. Saunders and Co. Philadelphia (USA)

Based on the theory classes of comparative animal anatomy lab.

Introduction: Historical background of genetics. Modern concept of genetics, Scope and branches, Application and Importance of genetics in human society. Criteria of genetic material transformation experiment. Some important genetical terms. Heredity, Environment and the continuity of life: Heredity and variation. Reproduction of living organism. Discovery of egg, sperm and fertilization. Sexual reproduction in animals and plants. The cellular basis of reproduction. Genotype and Phenotype. distinguisihing heredity and environmental variation. Genotype and environmental interaction. Mendelian genetics: life history of Mendel. Discovery of Mendel works. Experiment of Mendel work. Mendels law of segregation and independent assortment. Exception of Mendelism: Modification of Mendelian ratios. Lack of dominance, co-dominance, Heterodominance, Epistasis, interaction, lethal gene. Multiple factor inheritance: Multiple allelism, pleotropism and cytoplasmic inheritance in animals, human and plants. Blood groups inheritance in man and plasma protein polymorphism. Linkage and Crossing over: Linkage, Crossing over, different kinds of linkage and crossing over and their significance, linkage groups. Factor affecting the strength of linkage, cytological demonstration of crossing over. Linkage maps of Drosophila, chromosome map. Sex determination: Cytological and genetic basis of sex determination. Different mechanism of sex determination in plants, animals and its implication. Mutation: Defination, types of mutagen and mutation, characteristics, causes and effects of gene mutation and mechanism. Chromosomal Aberrations: Self incompatibility, Male sterility, types and genetic control. Types of structural and numerical changes of chromosome and mechanisms. Genetical consequences of changing chromosome structure and number.

1. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K 1985.: Genetics (6^th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J. and Snustad. D.P. 1991. : Genetics (18^th ed) John Wiley and Sons. New York.

3. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.

Introduction: Historical background of cell, cell discovery and organelles. Definition and modern concept of cell, protoplasm theory. Cell types and structure: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, differences between the two types of cells. Typical structure of Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell and their functions. Cellular organelles: Major cellular organelles, composition, structure and function. Cell wall membrane, plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome, cytoskeletal structure. Nucleus and chromosome: Structure of nucleus, morphology and chemistry of chromosome. Special types of chromosome- Polytene, Lampbrush, Sex, Iso-chromosomes and diplochromosomes, Karyotypes- Definition, characteristics, variation and significance. Cell division: Types of cell division, steps of mitosis and meosis, Difference between the two process, Abnormalities in mitosis and meosis, causes and significance. Chromosome replication and cell separation (on aspect of cell signaling).Physiology of cell: Energy, enzymes and metabolism, cellular respiration, cell secretion.

1. Power, C. B., : Cell Biology.

2. Stern, H. and Nanney, D. L., : The Biology of Cells.

3. Verma, O. P. S. and Agarwal, O. V. K., : Cell Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology.

4. Rastogi, S. C., : Cell Biology.

1. Cytological and cytochemical techniques.

2. Introduction of the microcope. Use and care of the microscope and its development.

3. Preparation of tissue for microscopy

4. Study of different stages of mitosis and meiosis.

Introduction: Definition, Classification, Nomenclature and scope of Biology. Systematic study and economic importance of different families, Origin of life. Plant Anatomy: Ultra structure and chemical nature of cell wall, meristems and meristimatic tissues, and tissue system, function and distribution of different plant tissues. Secondary growth of steam and root. Embryology: Study of sporogenesis and gametogenesis, Oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Fertilization and development of embryo. Ecology: Definition, types and fields, importance, habitat, community and ecological factors; Ecosystem: Definition, structure and function, types, energy flow, food chain and webs. Plant pathology: Definition, causes, diagnosis, symptoms, importance and control of plant disease. Economic biology: Economic importance of plants, Apiculture, Sericulture, Lac culture and Fisheries in Bangladesh. Applied Zoology: Concept of insect pests and pesticides. Definition of bio-agents, predator, parasitoids and vector, disease transmitting insects.

1. Datta, A. C., : Botany for Degree Students.

2. Gupta, R. K., : Text Book of Systematic Botany.

3. Bilgrami, K. S., Srivastava, L. M. & Shreemali, J. L., : Fundamental of Botany. 2^nd Ed.

4. Hill, A. F., : Economic Botany.

5. Pandey, B. P; Economic Botany

 

Based on the evolutionary biology theory classes.

Introduction: Basic concepts of biomolecules. Stereoisomerism: Introduction, enantiomers, chiral centre, configuration, specification of configuration: R and S, Diastereomers, Meso compound, conformational isomers. Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, physical and chemical properties, structure and general reactions, mono, di and polysaccharides, amino sugars and other important saccharides, sources and biological functions of major carbohydrates. Proteins: Definition, classification based on shape, structure and biological function; sequence determination of protein, preliminary concept on secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins; fibrous proteins: α and β keratins, Globular proteins: Structure of myoglobin, oligomeric proteins and quaternary structure of haemoglobin, oxygen binding curve of haemoglobin and myoglobin. Amino acids: Definition, structure, properties, optical activity and classification of amino acids, ionization of amino acids in solutions, titration curve of amino acids, isoelectric properties, general reactions of amino acids. Peptides of biological interest. Lipids: Definition, classification, chemical and physical properties, fatty acid composition of fats. Chemical reactions of fatty acids. Edible oils and their characteristic fatty acid composition. Characterization of fats, oils and waxes, phospholipids with special reference to lecithin and cephalic. Nucleic acids: Definition, composition and classification, structure and physiochemical properties, important functions of nucleic acids. Enzymes: Definition, classification, Physiochemical properties, basic concepts of co-enzymes and prosthetic groups, mode of action of enzymes, factor affecting enzymatic reactions.

1.Lehninger, Albert L.. Nelson David L ., Cox, M ichael M.,: Principle of Biochemistry

2. Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes P. A. Riwell, V. W.: Harpers Biochemistry

3. Strayer, Lubert,.: Biochemistry

4. Morrison, R, Thornton, Boyd, R, Neilson. : Organic Chemistry

1. Preparation of Buffer solution

2. Color test for Carbohydrates (Benedict test, Moloschs test)

3. Color tests for protein and amino acids (Ninhyrin test, Biuret test)

4. Estimation of sugar content of blood by Nelson Somogy Method

5. Determination of protein content of blood by Biuret method and calculation

6. Determination of saponification number of oil

7. Paper, thin layer and ion-exchange chromatography.

Introduction: Definition, brief history of microbial world discovery, germ theory of disease, place of microbes found, major classification of living organism by different scientists, distinctive characteristics of major microbes group scope of microbiology. Characteristics of microorganism, classification, nomenclature and identification: Morphological characteristics, chemical characteristics, cultural characteristics, metabolic characteristics, antigenic characteristics, genetic characteristics, pathogenecity, ecological characteristics, classification, nomenclature, identification. Bacterial world: Morphology, size, shape, external and internal structure of bacteria, classification, nutritional requirement for bacterial culture, types of bacteriological culture media, physical condition for growth, reproduction, growth, maintenance and preservation of bacteria, importance and disadvantage of bacteria, bacterial disease. The virus: Definition, classification, characteristics, bacterio- phages; morphology, structure and component, replication, lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle, HIV, SARS, Dengue virus-their structure, characteristics and pathogenecity. Fungi: Molds and yeasts distinguishing characteristics, cultivation, some fungi of special interest, fungal disease and prevention. Algae:Characteristics, reproduction, biological and economical important of some species, algae and disease. Control of microorganism: Fundamentals of control, the control of microbes by physical, chemical and antimicrobial agents, characteristics of these agents, evaluation of antimicrobial chemical agents.

1. Pelezar, M.J; Chan, E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R.(1993). : Microbiology. McGraw Hill Inc. USA.

2. Tortera, G.J.; Funke, B.R. and Case, C.I., (1982). : Microbiology: An Introduction.

3. Stainer. R.Y.; Adelberg and Ingraham, I.J. : General Microbiology, MacMillan USA.

4. Purohit, S. S. (2004): Microbiology; Fundamentals & Applications, India

Based on the theory classes of introduction to microbiology.

Bacterial Chromosome: Structure and Replication (Review).Plasmid: Introduction, structure and replication, replication of Col E1, R6k and conjugative plasmid control of plasmid replication, plasmid curing r-plasmid and antibiotic resistance, mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Conjugation: F+ and F- like plasmids, tra-operon, sex pilli, formation of hfr strain, gene mapping by conjugation analysis, transfer of non-conjugative plasmid by conjgative plasmid, plasmid mobilization, chromosome transfer by f cultures of E. coli k-12.conjugation and chromosome transfer in other bacteria, conjugal transfer of r-plasmid. Transformation and electroporation: Competence, uptake of DNA,transfection, artificially induced competence. DNA transfer by electroporation. Transduction: Generalized transduction, experimental evidence, origin of generalized transducing phages, genetic mapping by different transductant classes. Specialized transduction, experimental evidence, origin of specialized transducing phage particle.Phage genetics: Phage T4; T4 life cycle (lysis Vs lysogeny), genetic recombination in phage T4, genetic fine structure, unit of function. Phage f x174 ---life cycle, genetic organization. Transposon and insertion sequences: Transposable eliments, the mechanism of transposion. Transposon mutagenesis. Molecular cloning: Restriction endonuclease and digestion of DNA. Ligases; blunt ended ligation, linker. Homopolymar tailing. Cloning Vector; use of bacterial plasmid, l DNA, cosmid, yeast plasmid as cloning vector. Gene libraries. Yeast Genetics: Mating type genetics of yeast, yeast plasmid, mitrocondrial inheritance in yeast.

1.Avers, C.J. : Genetics

2.Brock, T.D Martinco, J.M and Parker, J.,: Biology of Microorganism.

3. Hardy, K. M.,: Bacterial Plasmid

4. Strickberger, M.W., : Genetics

5. Suzuki, Griffith and Miller. : Introduction to Genetic Analysis.

Based on the theory classes of microbial genetics.

Introduction: Need for animal products, concept of animal genetics, application of genetics in livestock and other economical animals. Mendelian genetics: Principles of inheritance- the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, modification of Mendelian ratios – lack of dominance, lethal genes, epistasis, linkage and crossing over. Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanism of sex determination, free martin, intersexes and super sexes, sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited characters. Gene expression: Functions of gene, genetic control of metabolism, protein synthesis in animal body. Mutation: The molecular basis of mutation, phenotypic effects of mutation, practical application of mutation in the field of livestock. Chromosomal aberration: Deletion and duplication. Aneuploidy and polyploidy in animals, chromosomal abnormality syndromes in animals. Karyotype and Genetic maps: linear arrangement of gene in chromosome, linkage maps of Drosophila chromosomes, maps of human chromosome, Giant chromosomes in the salivary glands of flies. Genetic Diversity: Diversity in animal agriculture, animal genetic resources (AnGR), status of genetic resources- extinct, critical, endangered, at risk, reasons for loss of genetic resources, management of genetic diversity, conservation and improvement of AnGR.

1. Verma, P.S. and V.K Agarwal 1985. : Genetics (6^th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Gardner, E.J ., M.J. Simmons and D.P. Snustad. 1991. : Genetics (18^th edn) John Wiley and Sons. New York.

3. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.

Based on the theory classes of animal genetics.

General physiology: Introduction, definition, branches of physiology, glossary and terminology related to physiology. Blood circulation and cardiovascular system: Definition and different composition of blood and plasma proteins, their structure, functions, development and fate. Blood coagulation mechanism, blood groups, lymphoid system. Structure and properties of cardiac muscle, generation and conduction of cardiac impulse. E.C.G, events of cardiac cycle and cardiac outputs, factor affecting heart rate, haemodynamics, blood pressure and its regulation, fetal circulation and maternal circulation. Respiratory system: Different parts of respiratory system, functions and pulmonary circulation, mechanisms of respiration. O₂ and CO₂ transport in the body, regulation of respiration- nervous and chemical.Urinary system: Structure and functions of kidney, renal circulation, urine formation in mammals, birds, reptiles. Filtration, reabsorption of different components of tubular fluid, excretion, concentration of urine, concept of plasma clearance, acidification of urine. Digestive system: Structure and functions of digestive system, digestive enzymes, mechanisms of secretions of gastric juice, physiology of digestion and absorption of food (carbohydrates, proteins and fats).Reproductive system: Male and female reproductive system of human, mammals and birds, structure and functions of these organs, puberty, estrous and menstrual cycle, physiology of pregnancy, fertility, control and sterility. Endocrine system: Endocrine and exocrine glands of male and female, growth and sex hormones, structure, functions and mechanisms of regulation of hormones. Nervous system: Classification of nervous system, structure and functions of neuron, synapse, neurotransmitter and transmission of nerve impulse, control of sensory and motor function. Organization of nervous system, cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord.

1. Ganong, W. F., : Review of Medical Physiology.

2. Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J.E.,: Textbook of Medical Physiology

3. Gottschalk, Gerhard,. : Bacterial Metabolism.

4. Dataa, S. C., : Plant Physiology.

Introduction: Definition, Branches of statistics, nature of statistics, uses of statistics in biological science, Variables, classification, construction of frequency distribution, Graphical representation of data. Central tendency, Measures of Central tendency, Quintiles, Dispersion, Measures of Dispersion, moments, Skew ness and kurtosis. Probability: Elementary theory of probability, laws of probability, additive and multiplicative laws of probability and Bay’s theorem. Random variables, probability distribution, derivation, properties and uses of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distribution to observed data. Techniques of Sampling: The concept of statistical population and parameters Samples and random sample statistical characterization of samples. Definition and use of standardized normal variate. Descriptive statistics: Calculation of the mean, variance and standard deviation, Machine method of calculating the variance and standard deviation, Estimation of standard deviation from the range, Standard deviation of the mean, Confidence limit of the mean. Correlation and Regression: Definition, correlation coefficient, product moment correlation coefficient to measure the relationship between variables in a bi-variate distribution. Fitting simple linear regression to observed data by the method of least squares. Hypothesis: Test of Hypothesis, type I and type II errors and level of significance, preliminary idea on t-test, F-test, Chi square test and their application. Testing hypothesis regarding population mean, equality of two means, population variance equality of two means, population variance equality of two population variances, goodness of fit and independence of two attributes in a contingency table and test of significance of correlation coefficient and regression coefficients. Principles of experimental design: Field layout and analysis of variance in completely randomized design, randomized block design and Latin square design. Analysis of covariance in a completely randomized design. Dosage response data: The estimation of 50 percent endpoints. Graphic approximation of ED₅₀ value. Method of estimation of 50 per cent endpoints.

1. Steel, R.D.G and Torry, J.H (1960). : Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. NewYork

2. Mian, M.& Miyan, Alimullah, M. (1984). : Introduction to Statistics.

3. Cochraan . W.G & Cox. G. M., : Experimental Designs.

4. Shill & R Debnath; Introduction to Statistics

Based on the theory classes of Biostatistics.

Fine structure of gene: Classical versus molecular concept of gene. Structure and chemistry of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleic acids. Structure of DNA and RNA. The Watson and Crick model of DNA structure. Different physico-chemical properties of DNA (T_m value, cot values, hybridization kinetics, different combinations of DNA). Mutagenesis: Definition, classification, molecular basis of mutation, kinds of mutagenic agents and their effects on organism, mutation affecting human beings, detection of mutation in Drosophila by CIB, Muller-5, attached-X methods, practical methods of mutation. Replication of DNA: Mode of replication, DNA polymerases, mechanism and control of DNA synthesis for prokaryotic and eukaryotic system. Repair of DNA: Alternation of DNA molecules- biological indication of repair, repair mechanism of thymine dimers, restriction and modification sites, the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering, excision and repair of mutant sequence. Gene regulation and expression: One gene- one polypeptide concept, protein synthesis transcription and translation, co-linearity of gene and polypeptide, genes and enzymes involved in the synthesis of arginine, tryptophan and histidine, gene regulation, structure and function of protein. Transcription: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerase, mechanism of transcription, reverse transcriptase, regulation of transcription- operon models and RNA splicing. Translation: Genetic codes, specificity, redundancy and Wabble hypothesis with experimental evidences, colomearity of gene and protein structure. Protein Synthesis: Ribosome structure, protein synthesis – initiation, elongation and termination, control of translation of both prokaryote and eukaryotes. Biology of Plasmids: Genetic transfer mechanism Transformation, transduction and conjugation. Transposons: Terminology, Insertion sequence, detection of transposons in bacteria, structure of transposons and its nature, mechanism and role of transposons.

1. Verma, P. S. and Agarwal, V. K., : Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

2. Adams, R. L. P.; Burden, R. H., Camphel, L. D. P.; Smiling, R. M. S. : The Biochemistry of the Nuclic Acids.

3. Brown, T.A. (1995). : Gene Cloning: An Introduction

4. Lewin, B. (1996) : Gene VI

5. Peter J. L. and Leegoog, C.R. (1993). : Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Based on the theory classes of Molecular genetics.

Bioenergetics and metabolism: Bioenergetics and thermodynamics, high energy compound, the ATP cycle, occurrences and properties of ATP, ADP and AMP, AP, transfer of phosphate group, ATP as the source of energy, role of AMP and pyrophosphate, other high energy compounds. Mitochondria: Structure, enzyme localization , mitochondrial electron flow, electron carriers. Biological Oxidation and Reduction Reactions: Oxidative phosphorylation and dephosphorylation: ATP Synthesis: Coupling with respiratory electron flow, the chemiosmotic model, mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH, energetic of electron transport, uncoupling and inhibition of electron transport, regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Regulation of enzyme activity: Enzyme availability, alteration of catalytic efficiency of enzyme. Hormones: General introduction, classification and chemistry, feed back control, communication among cells and tissues, control of hormone secretion, mechanism for second messenger generation, role Camp, ca2+ as 2^nd messengers, hormone action and phosphotidyl inositol, mechanism of action of Epinephrine, Glucagons, Insulin and steroid hormone. Metabolic Integration: General introduction, regulation of metabolism in liver, muscle and adipose tissues.

1. Albert L. Lehninger, David L. Nelson. Michael M. Cox., : Principles of Biochemistry

2.Arthur C Guyton, John E Hall ., : Text book of Medical Physiology

3. Martin, B. R.,: Metabolic Regulation

4. Robert K Murray, Daryl K Gran Peter A. Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell., : Herpers Biochemistry

5. Strayer, L., : Biochemistry Introduction

 

Based on the theory classes of bioenergetics and regulation of metabolism.

Introduction: Definition, history, scope and objectives in plant genetics and breeding. Genetic basis of plant breeding. Fine structure of plant gene, genetical variation of leaves in higher plant, inheritance of extra nuclear genes. Contribution of national research institutes for the development of improved varieties of important crops. Origin and evolution of cultivated crop plants- Wheat and Rice. Reproductive system in relation to plant breeding: Relevance of mode of reproduction to plant breeding. Modes and methods of reproduction, modes of pollination, anthesis, mechanisms and genetic significance of pollination control/method. Concept of yield and yield contributing characters of some important crops. Self incompatibility and male sterility. Hybridization techniques and consequences: Definition, objectives, prerequisites, advantages and disadvantages of hybridization. Selfing and crossing techniques, difficulties and precaution, rising of the F₁ generation, techniques in field traits. Heterosis and inbreeding depression: Heterosis; Types, scope, genetic, physiological and biochemical basis, use of heterosis in plant breeding. Inbreeding depression; Genetic effects of inbreeding depression (in plant, animals, human and fishes) practical application of inbreeding, genetical basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Methods of breeding: Self pollinated crop; Mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree method and bulk method of selection and single seed discent.Cross pollinated crop; Variety concept, mass selection, recurrent selection, inbreed lines and evaluation of inbreed lines(general combining ability and specific combining ability), synthetic variety. Asexually propagated crops of potato and sugarcane.Mutation breeding, clone and clonal selection, Breeding for insect and disesases resistance. Plant genetic resources in plant breeding: Definition and classification of germplasm. Biodiversity and genetic diversity and its significance, genetic erosion, implication and methods of germplasm conservation. Distant hybridization: Concept, objectives and techniques of production of distant hybrids, application and limitation in crop improvement. Evaluation of advance homozygous line. Improved varieties: Principles and methods, production practices. Release and evaluation of new varieties. Distribution of improved seeds from laboratory to farmers. Production of hybrid and synthetic varieties.

1. Singh, B. D., : A Text Book of Plant Breeding.

2. Allard, R. W., : Principles of Plant Breeding.

3. Simmonds, N. W., : Principles of Crop improvement.

4. Chopra, V. L., : Plant Breeding theory and Practice.

 

Introduction: Relations among Mendelian genetics, quantitative genetics and breeding. Genetic Constitution of a population: Gene frequency, genotype frequency, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, changes of gene frequency in migration, mutation, selection and small population, the idealized population and inbred population. Variation, values and means: Phenotypic and genotypic values, average effect and breeding values, genetic components of variance, Environmental variance and repeatability. Phenotypic and genetic resemblance between relatives. Genetic and environmental covariance, Heritability and its estimation, genetic and environmental correlation. Selection and Breeding: Response to selection and its prediction, long term selection effects, efficiency in various methods of selection, inbred lines, heterosis, synthetic population, general and specific combining abilities, scale effects, threshold characters, and fitness related to metric characters.

1. Falconer, D.S. 1989 (3^rd edn),: Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman, London.

2. Chapman, A.B. : General and Quantitative Genetics. World Animal Science, A4 Elsevier Scientific publications, B.V. Amsterdam 1985.

3. Van Vleck., L.D. Pollak, E.J. and Oltenacu, E.A.B., : Genetics for animal Science. 1987. W.H Freeman & Co., New York, USA.

4. Nicholas, F.W. : Veterinary Genetics. 1987. Oxford Scientific Publications, London.

 

Introduction: Definition, types, history and development, theory of tote potency, importance. Laboratory organization and aseptic techniques: Lab, facilities, design, operation and management, aseptic technique for plant tissues, chemicals, instruments, glass wares, personal hygiene. Culture media: Definition, components, composition, function of components, preparation and media selection, solidification and maintenance of media. Explants collection & tissue culture: Selection, collection and preparation of explants, callus and suspension culture, batch and continuous culture, callus induction and maintenance, transfer of cultures and subcultures, storage of cultured cells, initiation and establishment of embryogenic suspension culture, effect of culture condition on growth. Growth and regeneration: Growth process, characteristics and measurement method of growth, organogenesis, morphogenesis, precaution and trouble shooting in plant tissue culture. Micro propagation: Definition, direct and indirect method of different plant, factors of shoot and root multiplication. Protoplast culture: Isolation, purification and culture of protoplast. Anther/pollen culture: Collection, processing and method, in-vitro pollination and fertilization. Production of disease free plants: Methods of virus elimination, versus indexing, eradication of pathogen other than virus, application and limitation, selection of decease resistant strains in-vitro. Somatic embryogenesis: Procedure, embryo development, mutation, plant formation, somatic hybridization and cybridization. Plant tissue culture in germplasm conservation & industrial application

1. Razdan, M.K. : An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture.

2. Bhojwani, S.S. : Plant Tissue Culture

3. Vasil, I,K. and Thrope. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.

 

Based on the theory classes of plant tissue and cell culture.

Introduction: Definition and Scope of animal reproduction, Types of reproduction in various species of animals, relationship of reproduction with genetics and breeding. Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive system of economically important animals (cattle, monkey etc.), embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology in various farm species. Reproductive Endocrinology: Definition of hormone and receptor, classification, properties function and mode of action of reproductive hormones, endocrine regulation system governing male and female reproduction, hormone assay, hormone like substances- growth factor and prostaglandins. Relationship between Genetics and endocrinology, endocrine and nervous system. Use of synthetic and placental hormone. Transport and survival of gametes and embryos in vivo. Germ cells: Primordial germ cells, life history of the germ cells, oogenesis, biochemical aspects of oogenesis, ovulation, follicular atresia, the structure of the egg, spermatogenesis, sperm transport in the male and female genital tract, egg ‘pick-up’, movement of egg along the fallopian tube. Reproductive cycle and sexual behavior : Puberty, modern concept of the attainment of puberty in male and female, practical application of puberty, estrous cycle, endocrine mechanism of sexual behavior, endocrine, physiologic and behavioral changes during estrous in different farm animals, breeding season and its effect on reproduction. Fertilization, pregnancy and parturition: Fertilization, preparation of gamets, acrosome reaction, interaction of spermatozoa with the zona pellucida, gamet fusion, activation of the egg, cleavage, blastocyst formation, implantation, embryonic and fetal development, act of parturition.

1. Hafez, E.S.E. : 1993. Reproduction in farm animals. (6^th edn) Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.

2. Lamming , G.E. : Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction. 1990 (4^th edn) Churchill Livingstone, London.

3. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 1, Germ cells and fertilization.

4. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 2. Embryonic and fetal development.

5. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 3. Hormonal control of reproduction.

Based on the theory classes of animal reproduction.

Introduction: Definition of cloning, types, history. Procedure of cloning: Animal, plant and microbes. Gene mapping: The human genome project, present status, strategies, potential benefits. Genetic disease: Name, causes, symptoms, diagnostics. Genetic marker system: Definition, classification and uses. Drawback of cloning: Ethical concerns connected with human gene cloning. GMO: Definition, common mechanism of GMO, Production of transgenic plant, animal and microbes, merits and demerits of using GMO, Present research on GMO.

1. Watson. Recombinant DNA Technology.

2. Foster, G.D. and Twell, D. Plant Gene Isolation: Principles and Practice.

3. Barbuik. L.A.; Philliips, J.P and M. Moo-Young. Animal Biotechnology: Comprehensive Biotechnology

Introduction: Definition,classification,factors affecting enzyme activity,active site,ground state,transition state,activation energy,equilibrium constant,rate low, binding energy, interaction between enzyme and substrate, general acid-base catalysis,covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis. Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, Line Weaver-Burk equation. Enzyme inhibition: Reversible and irreversible inhibition; competative, noncompetative and uncompetative inhibition. Regulatory Enzymes: Allosteric Enzymes, kinetic behavior of allosteric enzyme, mechanism of regulatory activity of allosteric enzyme, covalent modification of enzymes isozyme. Vitamins as coenzymes. Application of Enzymes in Genetical field: Application of amyolitic, pectolytic, cellulytic, and other industrial enzymes, enzyme immobilization .Microbial screening, selection and strain improvement: Sources of industrial used microorganism, techniques of microbial screening, methods of strain improvement. Enzyme isolation, purification and assay: Objective and stratigies in enzyme purification,clarification of soluble enzyme, methods of concentrating enzymes, various curomatographic method for enzyme purification, examples of purification procedure, techniques of enzyme assay,determination of molecular wt and amino acid compsition. Industrial production of Enzymes: Enzymes isolated on industrial scale and their application. Restriction Enzyme: Definition, classification, character, activity and uses in Genetics and Genetic engineering.

1. Wiseman, A. : Principles of Biotechnology.

2. Nicholas C. Price and Lewis Stevens. : Fundamental of Enzymology

3. Watson, J.D. Gilman, M, Witkowskli, J., Zoller, M. : Recombinant DNA Technology

 

Introduction: Definition, history, biotechnology used in industry and pharmaceuticals. Concept of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): Practice of GMP, Quality Control, Quality Assurance and In-process control in Pharmaceutical and Industry. Effect of microorganism in Pharmaceuticals: Affects of microorganism in pharmaceuticals and industries environment, water, skin, respiratory tract flora, raw materials, plant sanitation, building and equipment. Production of pharmaceutical products: Production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibiotics, antibodies, vaccine and immunosera, cell culture and hybridoma technology. Modern pharmaceutical products by recombinant DNA technology: Interferon, insulin, somatostain, human growth hormone, etc. Test and techniques used for good pharmaceutical product: Sterility testing, purification of pharmaceutical products, potency of antibiotics and microbial quality control. Disease and diagnosis: Infectious and genetic disease, diagnosis of diseases by conventional and DNA based probes, gene therapy and counseling.

1. Huge, W.B. and Russel, A.D.Edited : Pharmaceutical Microbiology,

2. Board, R.G. Allowodd, M.C. Bank, J.G. (Edited) : Preservatives in the pharmaceutical, food & environment industries. Blackwell Scientific Publication.

 

Introduction: Definition, scope, basic steps, merits & problems. Basic tools & techniques of gene manipulation: DNA modification enzymes, foreign DNA, cloning vectors, cDNA library, genomic library, molecular probe, southern blotting, northern blotting, western blotting technique, prerequisite for plant genetic engineering. Cloning Vectors: Character for good cloning vector, types. Characteristics and structure of different cloning vectors, cloning from m RNA, synthesis and cloning of c DNA, cloning from gene library. Techniques in recombinant DNA technology: Cloning specific fragment, vector preparation, insertion and selection of transformants. Production of transgenic plants: Identification and isolation of gees, preparation of plant nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA preparation, gene transfer method, mechanism and relative advantages of physical and biological methods, strategy of stable transformation, foreign gene expression. Recombinant DNA technology in Animal: Micromanipulation of farm animal embryos embryo and gamete sex selection; nuclear transplantation, sperm separation, embryonic sex selection, gene transfer through embryonic microinjection, production of transgenic animals, production of transgenic animals, prospect of transgenic livestock. Production of transgenic microbes ,PCR based cloning.

1. Watson. : Recombinant DNA Technology.

2. Foster, G.D. and Twell, D. : Plant Gene Isolation: Principles and Practice.

3. Barbuik. L.A.; Philliips, J.P and M. Moo-Young. : Animal Biotechnology: Comprehensive Biotechnology

 

Based on the theory classes of Genetic Engineering.

Introduction to animal tissue culture: Definition, type and history & development, Importance of cell, tissue and organ culture. Background of Animal Cell culture: Animal cell cultures new understanding, new developments. Animal cell culture technology in the 21^st century. Laboratory Organization: Facilities, design, operation and management. Media: Components, composition, functions of components, preparation and media selection. Solidification and maintenance of media. Equipping the laboratory: Essential, beneficial and useful additional equipmentsconsumable items. Contamination, laboratory safety and biohazards: Types of microbial contamination, detection of microbial contamination, cross contamination, general safety, fire, radiation and biohazards. Preparation and sterilization: Principles of sterilization of apparatus, reagents and media. The cell culture environment: Substrate, gas phase, medium and temperature. The substrate: plastic and glass wares; tissue culture flasks, culture vessels. The gas phase: Oxygen, carbondioxide, Medium and Supplements: physical properties, constituents of media, serum, serum-free media; selection of medium and serum, other supplements, incubation temperature. Isolation of tissue and primary culture: Mouse embryos and hen’s egg.Culture of specific cell types: epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, neuroectodermal cells, hemopoietic cells. Culture of tumor tissue- general method, selective culture. Three- Dimensional culture system: Organ culture, histotypic culture, filter wells. Preparation of cell line: Isolation of different types of animal tissue; fibroblast, liver, kidney, bone marrow and their uses, Physical methods of cell separation. Maintenance of cultured cells: Routine observation and maintenance; cloning and selection of specific cell-types. Quantitation and experimental design: selection of cell line; experimental design; growth phase: cell counting, preparation of samples for enzyme assay and immune assay, preparation of samples for extraction of DNA and RNA.

1. Befuery, Griffiths and Zeijlemaker : Animal Cell Technology

2. Ian Fresshney, R. : Culture of Animal Cells

3. Chirkjian, J. G. : Biotechnology : Theory and Techniques

2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit

Based on the theory classes of Animal Tissue and Cell Culture.

According to expert teacher.

Based on the theory classes of Bioinformatics.

Introduction: Definition, history, technology level, application of BT, BT and developing countries. Recombinant DNA technology: Selection and processing of foreign gene, selection and processing of vector, ligation, transgenic organism. Biotechnology and fermentation process: Definition of fermentation, fermentation, process and products, bioreactor designs. Food biotechnology: Introduction, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, food enzymes, food waste, fermented foods and drinks bakery process. Biotechnology and agriculture: Application in agriculture, their advantages and disadvantages, Biotechnological tool used in crop production, plant tissue culture, genetic manipulated plant, nitrogen fixation and biofertilizer, biopesticide, herbicide for insect and weed control, mushroom production. Biotechnology and animal production: Animal cell and tissue culture, transgenic animal production, pharmaceutical product and blood substitutes from transgenic animal, Biotechnology used in animal development, embryo transfer. Biotechnology in medicine: Production of regulatory protein, blood products, antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibody, gene therapy. Biotechnology in fuel generation: Sources of biomass, ethanol from biomass, methane from biomass, biogas. Biotechnology and environment: Oil pollution and control, microbes and geological environment, pesticide and herbicide pollution and control, heavy metal pollution and control, sewage disposal. Safety in Biotechnology: Problems of transgenic organism, human cloning and ethics, new organism pathogenecity problems of biologically active biotechnological products.

1. Smith, J.E. : Biotechnology

2. Bubey, R.C. : Introduction to Biotechnology

3. Bilgrami and Pandey. : Introduction to Biotechnology

Introduction: Definition, types and objectives of research process, criteria of good research, basic concept of experiment & research. Logistic support: Direct & indirect logistic support for effective research. Research planning and methodology: Meaning and characteristics of a problem, selections of a problem, meaning and characteristics of a good hypothesis, formulating and ways of stating of problem, meaning and characteristics stating of hypothesis, research approach, research project planning, identification and priorization of research problems for appropriate technology development. Research system in Bangladesh: In agriculture, industry, fish, livestock and different university. Data collection and presentation: Research design, data analysis in multiyear and multiplication; yield trial of genetically engineered crop varieties and calculation of genetically values. Research project preparation, implementation and evaluation, Review of literature: Purpose and source of review, preparation of index card for reviewing and abstracting, review of scientific reports. Method of writing annual reports and research highlights and interpretation: Concept, technique and significance and precautions of interpretation types, purpose, format, steps and significance of research reports, evaluation of research reports, salient feature of research high lights and executive summary.

1. Kothari, C.R., : Methods and Techniques.

2. Sing, A.K., : Measurements and Research Methods In Behavioral Sciences.

 

Introduction: Definition, extent and brief history. The chromosome complement: Morphological structure, nomenclature and characteristics of chromosome, chemical organization and ultra structure of chromosome, viral chromosome. Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, karyotype and banding pattern of chromosome, cytogenetics of sex determination and sex differentiation. Structural changes of chromosome: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation; Definition, types, origin, meiotic behavior and role of evolution, uses in cytogenetical study. Numerical changes of chromosome: Polyploidy, autopolyploidy, autotetraploids, allopolyploids, trisomic (primary, secondary and tertiary), monosomic and nullisomic and haploid. Molecular cytogenetics: Nuclear DNA content and its organization, Genetic, cytogenetic and physical maps using molecular markers.

1. Gupta, P. K., : Cytogenetics.

2. Sinha, U. and Sinha, S., : Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution.

3. Verma, P. S. and Agarwal, V. K., : Cell biology, Genetics, Molecular biology, Evolution and Ecology.

4. Shukla and Chandel, : Cytogenetics and Evolution.

 

Based on the theory classes of Cytogenetics.

Population genetics: Calculation of gene and genotype frequencies, variance of gene frequency, Effective population size. Inbreeding and relationship coefficients. Measurement of variation in traits: Mean, variance, correlation, regression analysis and partitioning of variance and co-variance. Estimation of Genetic Parameters: Repeatability, heritability and genetic correlation. Construction of Selection indices: Combined selection index, multitrait selection index. Estimation of breeding values: Individual, ancestors, sibs and progeny performance. Prediction of Genetic gain: Selection, selection differential and direct and correlated response to selection. Estimation of Heterosis: Diallele analysis and estimation of combining abilities.

Introduction: Concept of animal breeding. Its development and application, domestication of farm animals, development of breed association. Population, breeds and breed structure, design of breeding programs, breed evolution. Genetics constitution of population: Gene and genotype frequencies, hardy-Weinberg law, factors changing genetic properties and gene frequency. Phenotypic variation: Values and means, discrete and continuous variation, normal distribution, components of phenotypic and genetic variation, genotype-environment interaction, average effect of genes. Population parameters: Heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation- definition, methods of estimation and their uses. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. Breeding value: Definition, estimation and uses, most probable producing ability (MPPA), transmitting ability, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), Quantitative trait loci (QTL). Selection: Natural and artificial selection, selection objectives and selection criteria, mass selection, pedigree selection, family selection, progeny testing, sib testing, methods of selection for more than one traits. Selection for correlated traits. Single gene effect in animal breeding, Nucleus breeding system, accuracy of selection. Response to selection: Selection program for livestock improvement, prediction and estimation of selection response, selection limit. Mating System: Inbreeding, inbreeding depression, crossbreeding and Heterosis, selection for combining ability, formation of synthetic breeds, grading-up and species hybridization, breed conservation. Breeding plan formulation: Improvement goal, existing genetic resources, improvement policy, breeding policy formulation for livestock, rabbit and zoo animals.

1. Warwick, E.J. and Legates. 1987. : Breeding and Improvement of farm animal (7^th ed.) McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York.

2.Lasely, J.F. 1978. : Genetics of Livestock Improvement (3^rd edn.) Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

3. Malcolm B. Willis. 1991. : Dalton’s Introduction to practical animal breeding (3^rd edn) Blackwell Sci. London.

Based on the theory classes of animal breeding.

Introduction: Relationship of reproductive biology with genetics and animal breeding. Germ plasm research, livestock seed and future outlook. Development of male and female reproductive organs. Reproductive cycles and pattern of reproduction in farm animals. Reproductive Ethology: Sexual behavior in males and females patterns, sequence and mechanism, species and other factors affecting sexual behavior, maternal and neonatal behavior- its association with neonatal mortality. Endocrinology: Relationship between genetics and endocrinology, endocrine and nervous system. Hormone transport- receptor site mechanism of hormone action, regulation of hormone secretion. Techniques used in measuring hormones. Characteristics of GnRH, steroid hormones and prostaglandin and its commercial analogues. Use of synthetic and placental hormone, transport and survival of gamets and embryos in vivo. Embryo transfer technology: Estrus synchronization, control of ovulation, super ovulation, fertilization and embryo development , collection of embryos, in-vitro maturation of gamets, oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, sperm-oocyte interaction, fertilization and development of embryos, micro-manipulation of embryos, embryo culture, embryo freezing, sexing, bisection of blastomere, cloning of embryos, and embryo bank. Induced twinning and surrogate motherhood. Pregnancy diagnosis and parturition. Production of transgenic animals and future prospect. Artificial Insemination: Semen evaluation, processing and preservation, modern techniques for ultra-evaluation and cryo-preservation, factors affecting freezability of semen, post thawing evaluation and method of using frozen semen for A. I. Use of deep frozen semen and semen bank. Separation of X and Y chromosomes bearing spermatozoa and its applicability.

1. Hafez, E.S.E. 1993. : Reproduction in farm animals. (6^th edn) Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

2. Lamming , G.E. : Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction. 1990 (4^th edn) Churchill Livingstone, London.

3. Curtis, J.L. 1991. : Cattle embryo transfer procedure. Academic press inc. california, USA.

4. Waynforth, H.B and Flecknell, P.A. 1992. : Experimental and surgical technique in the rat (2^nd edn) Academic press. NY, USA.

Based on the theory classes of Reproductive Biotechnology.

Introduction: Definition, theories and principles, present methods and status of fish fry production in Bangladesh. Physical bases of inheritance: cell, chromosome, cell division, gametogenesis and fertilization. Mendelian genetics: The Mendelian rules, dominance, interaction of gene, linkage and crossing over, mutation and multiple allelism. Inheritance associated with sex: Sex determination, sex linked and sex-limited inheritance in fishes. Chromosome structure and modification: variation in chromosome structure and number, application of ploidy manipulation in fishes. Genetics of quantitative traits: Variation, heritability, selection, hybridization in breeding and heterosis. Natural propagation and induced breeding of fish: Reproductive endocrinology, broodstock husbandry and selection. Breeding techniques for Indian, Chinese and common carps, catfishes and other commercially important fishes of Bangladesh.

1. Ryman, N. and Uttey F. (editors) 1987. : Population genetics and fishery management, university of Washington press, seattle and London.

2. Douglas, T. 1986. : Genetics for fish hatchery managers. AVI publishing company. Inc. Wesport, Connecticut.

3. Ayala, F.J. and Aiger, Jr. J.A. 1980. : Modern Genetics. The Benjamin/cummings publishing company, inc. Menlo Park, California.

Introduction: Structure of Human chromosome and DNA, DNA statistics, the X and Y chromosome, karyotype, Genetic linkage and gene mapping. Chromosomal abnormalities and Syndrome: Structural chromosomal abnormalities, Numerical chromosomal abnormalities, Cri-du-chat syndrome, down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelts syndrome, XY female and XX males. Genetic Diseases: Metabolic disorders, Genetics of the diseases of the Gastrointestinal system, detection of mutations in human genes. Genetic aspect of diseases of aging. Heredity methaemoglobinaemia: Genetics of blood group antigen, genetics of hemoglobin, disease of coagulation of blood, hereditary hemolytic anemia, disease affection thyroid hormone, human growth hormone. Human gene therapy (Ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy) and genetic counseling. Pharmacogenetics: Gene tests to guide drug therapy, who stands to benefit from a certain drug or be harmed by it. Cancer Genetics: Cell biology and genetics of cancer, types of tumors, characteristics of cancer cells, how a cell becomes cancerous, origin of cancer.

1. Niyogi, A. K. and Srivastava, H. C., Human Genetics.

2. Singer. Human Genetics.

3. Mange. Human Genetics Basic.

4. Mandal, I. S. Fundamental of Human Genetics.

5. Dhar, P. K., Human Genetics.

 

Based on the theory classes of Human Genetics.

Introduction to immunology and immune system: Innate and adaptive immunity, molecular and cellular basis of immune system, soluble mediators of immunity, cytokines, antigen, haptens and carriers and inflammation. Cells involved in immune response: Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells and NK cells), development maturation, activation, recognition and accessory molecules and T & B cells, Natural killer cells. Antigen, Antibody and T cell receptor: Antigen antibody reaction, structure and general properties of immunoglobulin, structure of T-cell receptor, theories of antibody production, purification of antibody, immunoglobulin genes and diversity. Vaccination: Adminstration of vaccines, antigen used as vaccines, effectiveness of vaccines, adjuvant, active and passive immunity. Complements: Introduction, nomenclature, activities of complement, activation of complement, classical and alternative pathways, biological effects of complement. Immunopathology: Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and autoimmune disease, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, heamagglutination and complement fixation test, direct and indirect immunoflauroscence, Radio immune Assay (RIA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Some examples of immunological procedures used in bioassay. MHC molecules: Discovery and function, class, antigen processing and presentation, genomic organization of MHC, MHC polymorphism. Gene therapy: Definition, history. Human gene therapy: Uses in different disease recovery. Cancer gene therapy: Definition, causes, recovery through gene therapy.

1. Donald, M. W.,: Immunology.

2. Roitt, M., : Immunolgy.

Based on the theory classes of Immune genetics.

Introduction: Concept of biometrical genetics and population genetics, its scope. Polygenic inheritance: Continuous variation, polygene, major genes, genic basic and biometrical approach. Component of variation: Additive and dominance effects, non–allelic interactions in polygenic system; Heterosis. Component of variation: Heritability and genetic advance, components, of variation. Estimation of Genetic parameters: Calculation of genetic parameters and non- genetic components of phenotypic variance of genetically engineered plants in single location. Genotype–environment Interaction: Genotype–environment interaction in segregating and non–segregating generations. Data analysis for different locations and years. The principles of scaling, scaling test and transformation of scales. Heritability and selection: Estimation of heritability (broad and narrow sense), correlated characters, genetic and environmental correlation, path-coefficient analysis and selection, selection response and its application. Diallel analysis (full, half and partial), combining ability, BIPs and triple test cross. Gene frequencies and equilibrium: Gene frequencies, gene pool, conservation of gene frequencies stain of equilibrium of two or more loci. Co dominance of natural population. Sex linkage in natural population and multiple alleles. Migration and population structure: Estimation of migration and population structures. Direct observation of migration. The continent of Island Model. Genetic drift: Effect of genetic drift, the founder effect and bottlenecks, effective population size.

1. Mather, K. and Jinks, J. L., : Biometrical Genetics(The study of continuous variation) Third Ed.

2. Strickberger, M. W., : Genetics

3. Falconer, D. S., : Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Second Ed.

4. Mather, K. and Jinks, J. L., : Introduction to Biometrical Genetics.

5. Hedrick, P. W., : Genetics of population.

Introduction to computer usage to various social and applied sciences. Utility of computer programming in population genetics and animal breeding. Formation of data file and entry of data material, numerical and string variable, creation of directory and sub-directory, data management and preparation of secondary data files and database. Application of programs and soft wares such as Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Mixed Model Least-Squares & Maximum Likelihood (LSMLML). Variance Component Estimation (VCE), Prediction and Estimation of Breeding Values (PEST). Derivation-free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (DFREML & MTDFREML). Design Crossing System (HOTCROSS), Allele Frequencies in population under Selection (ALLELE-DRIFT).